What are the three steps of the first aid for choking?

Generally speaking, there is no standardized three-step method for first aid in cases of choking. Various emergency techniques can be used depending on the situation, including direct removal, back blows, the Heimlich maneuver, percutaneous tracheostomy, and endotracheal intubation. The specific steps vary according to the method used. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Direct Removal Method: If the choking person is conscious but unable to speak or breathe, and the obstructing object is visible and located superficially in the throat, direct removal may be performed. Ask the patient to open their mouth, then use your fingers or tweezers to remove the foreign object directly.

2. Back Blow Method: If direct removal is ineffective, try the back blow method. Have the patient lean forward while the rescuer delivers firm blows between the shoulder blades. Deliver the blows consecutively to create vibrations that may dislodge and expel the obstructing object.

3. Heimlich Maneuver: This technique is suitable when a patient is choking and cannot speak. Stand behind the patient and place your hands just above the abdomen, slightly above the navel and below the ribcage. Make a fist with one hand and grasp it with the other. Perform quick, inward and upward abdominal thrusts to generate sufficient pressure to expel the obstructing object.

4. Percutaneous Tracheostomy: This is an emergency surgical procedure that must be performed by a trained medical professional. A small incision is made in the front of the neck, through which a tracheostomy needle or tube is inserted directly into the trachea, bypassing the obstruction and restoring normal breathing.

5. Endotracheal Intubation: This is a standard emergency procedure performed by medical professionals. An endotracheal tube is inserted through the mouth or nose into the trachea, bypassing the obstruction and securing an open airway.

Note: If you encounter someone who is choking, immediately call emergency services. While waiting for the ambulance, follow instructions from medical personnel to perform appropriate first aid measures to prevent serious complications.