What is pigeon chest?

Pectus carinatum, also known as “pigeon chest,” is a congenital chest wall deformity characterized by anterior protrusion of the sternum, resembling the prominent chest of a chicken or pigeon—hence its name. It is the second most common thoracic deformity after pectus excavatum (funnel chest), though less prevalent, with an incidence of approximately 1 in 1,000. The exact etiology remains unclear but may involve genetic factors; it is generally believed to result from excessive growth of the ribs and costal cartilages. Below, we provide a detailed explanation of what pectus carinatum is.

Pectus carinatum most commonly arises from rickets in children—specifically, vitamin D deficiency leading to impaired calcium and phosphorus absorption, resulting in bone softening (osteomalacia). This causes inward depression at the costochondral junctions, forcing the sternum to project forward and form the characteristic “pigeon chest.” Additionally, it may be associated with congenital developmental abnormalities, malnutrition, or congenital heart disease. Children under three years old diagnosed with pectus carinatum should receive prompt anti-rickets treatment—including calcium and vitamin D supplementation. In contrast, for children over three years, the condition often represents a residual deformity, and calcium/vitamin D therapy is typically ineffective. Mild cases usually resolve spontaneously with physical growth; regular physical exercise—such as chest-expanding movements, push-ups, and head-lifting exercises—can accelerate correction of the deformity. Severe cases impairing respiratory or circulatory function require surgical intervention.

Knowledge Extension: How to Correct Pectus Carinatum

1. Lifting Weights with Both Hands

Hold weights in both hands, clasp them together in front of the chest, and lift them upward, holding the position for several seconds before slowly lowering them. During this exercise, maintain relaxed breathing and repeat several times.

2. Supine Chest Expansion

Lie supine on a bed, grasp a resistance band or spring exerciser with both hands, and position your arms above the chest. Inhale deeply, then slowly pull the resistance band outward to both sides; hold for approximately three seconds, then exhale while gradually returning to the starting position.

3. Standing Resistance Band Exercise

Grasp the handles of a resistance band with both hands. Inhale, slightly bend your elbows, and maintain this angle while pulling the band downward toward the lower abdomen. Hold briefly for several seconds, then exhale as you allow the chest muscles to gradually return to their resting state.

The above provides an overview of pectus carinatum. We hope this information is helpful to you.