What causes lochia after a normal delivery, and what should be done?

Aug 27, 2023 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Lv Aiming

Introduction

In general, lochia after vaginal delivery is a normal physiological process, possibly caused by uterine contractions, endometrial shedding, placental separation, activation of the coagulation mechanism, and maternal vascular injury. No specific treatment is required. It is recommended that postpartum women frequently change clean maternity pads or sanitary napkins during the lochia period to maintain dryness and cleanliness of the vaginal area.

Generally, lochia after vaginal delivery is a normal physiological process, possibly caused by factors such as uterine contractions, endometrial shedding, placental separation, activation of the coagulation mechanism, and maternal vascular injury. It does not require special treatment. The details are as follows:

1. Uterine contractions: After delivery, the uterus continues to contract to return to its original size. These contractions also help expel lochia.

2. Endometrial shedding: During childbirth, uterine contractions help push the fetus through the vagina and detach the endometrial lining. This process leads to endometrial shedding, forming lochia.

3. Placental separation: After the baby is born, the placenta separates from the uterine wall. This process may be incomplete, leaving placental tissue in the uterus. Uterine contractions then help expel this residual placental tissue along with other waste materials, contributing to lochia formation.

4. Activation of coagulation mechanisms: During labor, the body's coagulation system is activated to prevent excessive bleeding. This may result in the formation of blood clots that are expelled within the lochia.

5. Maternal vascular injury: During delivery, blood vessels in the uterus are compressed and stretched as the baby passes through the birth canal, causing some vessels to rupture. These damaged vessels release blood, which becomes part of the lochia.

It is recommended that postpartum women frequently change clean maternity pads or sanitary napkins during the lochia period to keep the vaginal area dry and clean. Avoid using vaginal douches or wash solutions; simply rinse the external genital area with water. Note that if the lochia has an abnormal color, foul odor, or is accompanied by fever, it may indicate infection or other complications, and medical advice should be sought promptly.

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