Contraindications and Side Effects of Cefalexin Capsules

Generally, cefalexin capsules should not be used in cases of allergy, pregnancy, lactation, ulcerative colitis, or impaired liver and kidney function. Possible side effects of cefalexin capsules include nausea, vomiting, rash, dizziness, tinnitus, reduced white blood cell count, and liver or kidney damage. Specific details are as follows:

I. Contraindications

1. Allergy
Patients who are allergic to cefalexin capsules or have a history of anaphylactic shock due to penicillin must not use cefalexin capsules. Otherwise, it may cause neurological reactions such as dizziness, double vision, and tinnitus. Patients are advised to seek medical attention promptly if they experience any discomfort.

2. Pregnancy
Pregnant women are generally prohibited from taking cefalexin capsules. This medication can cross the placenta and enter the fetal body, which may adversely affect fetal growth and development and could even lead to fetal malformations. If pregnant women experience physical discomfort, they should seek timely medical care and take medications only under a doctor's guidance. Self-medication should be avoided to prevent negative impacts on fetal development.

3. Lactation
Cefalexin and trimethoprim capsules are contraindicated for patients who are breastfeeding. Cefalexin can be excreted into breast milk; if a mother continues breastfeeding after taking the drug, the infant may indirectly ingest cefalexin. Because infants and young children have poor tolerance to medications, this may lead to gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and indigestion. It is not recommended to take cefalexin capsules during lactation.

4. Ulcerative Colitis
Patients with ulcerative colitis should not use cefalexin and trimethoprim capsules. The medication may trigger gastrointestinal reactions such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort.

5. Impaired Liver or Kidney Function
Patients with severe liver or kidney disease should not use cefalexin and trimethoprim capsules. Cefalexin is metabolized and excreted through the liver and kidneys, which may increase the burden on these organs and worsen existing conditions. Patients with renal impairment are advised to avoid or minimize the use of this medication.

II. Side Effects

1. Nausea
Patients with gastrointestinal disorders may experience nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort after taking cefalexin capsules.

2. Rash
If a patient is allergic to cefalexin capsules, a rash may develop. In severe cases, anaphylactic shock may occur, requiring immediate medical attention.

3. Dizziness and Tinnitus
Cefalexin capsules are a broad-spectrum antibiotic. Its use may irritate the gastrointestinal tract and lead to symptoms such as dizziness and tinnitus.

4. Reduced White Blood Cell Count
Prolonged use of cefalexin capsules may lead to decreased white blood cell and neutrophil counts.

5. Liver and Kidney Damage
Cefalexin capsules are primarily metabolized through the kidneys. Long-term use may therefore cause some degree of kidney damage.

In summary, cefalexin capsules have several contraindications and potential side effects. Patients are advised to seek prompt medical attention if they experience any adverse reactions and to use the medication strictly under a doctor’s supervision to promote recovery.