Why do people experience convulsions?

Under normal circumstances, muscle spasms or convulsions in humans may be related to factors such as cold stimulation, calcium deficiency, toxoplasmosis, epilepsy, and hysteria. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Cold Stimulation

When environmental temperatures are too low, or when exposed to cold wind, rain, or snow, excessive body heat loss can cause sustained contraction of blood vessels and muscles, either locally or throughout the body, leading to convulsions. Treatment may include oral administration of medications such as ibuprofen sustained-release capsules or amoxicillin capsules as directed by a physician, which helps restore normal body temperature and eliminate inflammation, thereby relieving convulsive symptoms.

2. Calcium Deficiency

When excessive calcium loss or inadequate intake occurs, neuromuscular excitability increases, resulting in involuntary neuromuscular contractions and convulsions. Treatment may involve taking calcium supplements such as compound calcium carbonate chewable tablets or calcium gluconate oral solution under medical guidance.

3. Toxoplasmosis

Toxoplasma gondii is a single-celled parasite that lives in animal intestines and can be transmitted through consumption of undercooked meat or contact with infected animal excrement. Infected individuals often experience symptoms including headache, fever, muscle pain, and convulsions, among which convulsions are one of the most prominent manifestations. Treatment may include medications such as pyrimethamine tablets or sulfadiazine tablets as prescribed by a doctor.

4. Epilepsy

Epilepsy results from abnormal electrical discharges in brain motor neurons. In cases of generalized tonic-clonic seizures, patients exhibit whole-body skeletal muscle spasms and convulsions, often accompanied by foaming at the mouth and clenched jaws. Immediate medical attention is required for sedation, such as intravenous injection of diazepam. After stabilization, long-term treatment may include antiepileptic drugs like carbamazepine tablets or oxcarbazepine tablets as directed by a physician.

5. Hysteria (Conversion Disorder)

Hysteria typically has an acute onset and tends to recur, with each episode lasting from several minutes to hours. The occurrence of symptoms is closely related to the surrounding environment, situation, and people; symptoms often gradually improve once the patient is removed from the triggering environment. For severe cases, medications such as levetiracetam tablets or lamotrigine tablets may be prescribed under medical supervision.

In addition, convulsions can also result from other factors such as extreme fatigue, drug poisoning, or nerve damage. It is recommended to seek timely medical evaluation, undergo appropriate diagnostic tests to identify the underlying cause, and receive targeted treatment accordingly.