What causes complete shedding of fingernails and toenails?

Complete loss of fingernails and toenails may be caused by trauma, malnutrition, drug side effects, infections, psoriasis, or other factors. Treatment may involve lifestyle adjustments and medication use. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Trauma: Nails on the hands and feet may fall off due to physical injuries such as being crushed by heavy objects or cuts. For nail loss caused by trauma, it is important to clean the wound promptly to prevent infection, keep the wound dry, and promote nail regrowth.

2. Malnutrition: Deficiencies in calcium, magnesium, iron, or other essential nutrients can trigger the body's signal for keratinocyte shedding, potentially leading to brittle nails that easily detach. In cases of nail loss due to malnutrition, adequate intake of vitamins, proteins, and other nutrients should be ensured to support nail regeneration.

3. Drug side effects: Certain medications may cause nail problems, including nail loss. For example, chemotherapy drugs, antiepileptic agents, and some antibiotics may adversely affect the nails. Medication adjustments can be made under a doctor’s guidance.

4. Infection: Bacterial or fungal infections of the fingernails or toenails may lead to nail detachment. For nail loss caused by infection, antifungal medications such as itraconazole capsules or terbinafine tablets may be prescribed under medical supervision. With proper treatment, nails usually regrow normally.

5. Psoriasis: Psoriasis is a skin condition that can damage the nails, including causing them to fall off. These conditions often occur alongside skin lesions and nail abnormalities. Treatments such as calcipotriol ointment or tacalcitol ointment may be used under a doctor’s direction.

Patients are advised to seek medical evaluation to identify the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment. Additionally, maintaining clean and dry nails and avoiding further trauma or infection can help support nail regrowth.