How are Mycoplasma and Chlamydia infections caused?

Generally, Mycoplasma and Chlamydia infections can be transmitted through direct contact with infected individuals, sexual transmission, respiratory droplets, mother-to-child transmission, and indirect transmission. The details are as follows:

1. Direct Contact with Infected Individuals

Direct contact with a person or object infected with Mycoplasma or Chlamydia may lead to infection. This contact may include close sexual contact, sharing items previously used by an infected person—such as towels or bedding—or transmission via skin contact.

2. Sexual Transmission

Mycoplasma and Chlamydia are common pathogens responsible for sexually transmitted infections. Unprotected sexual intercourse, especially with multiple partners or when one partner is infected, significantly increases the risk of transmission.

3. Respiratory Droplet Transmission

Mycoplasma and Chlamydia can also spread via respiratory droplets, particularly in enclosed environments such as hospitals, schools, and workplaces. When infected individuals cough, sneeze, or speak, the bacteria can enter another person's respiratory tract through airborne droplets.

4. Mother-to-Child Transmission

Pregnant women carrying Mycoplasma or Chlamydia infections may pass the bacteria to their newborns, potentially causing eye infections, pneumonia, or other serious conditions. Therefore, pregnant women should pay attention to hygiene during pregnancy.

5. Contaminated Objects and Environments

Bacteria can survive on surfaces or in the environment for some time, so infection may occur through contact with contaminated surfaces or objects, including public restrooms, swimming pools, gyms, and hospital equipment.

Maintaining good hygiene practices in daily life—such as frequent handwashing, avoiding close contact with infected individuals, and using safe sex practices—can help reduce the risk of infection.