How is a hysterosalpingography performed?

　　Hysterosalpingography is a diagnostic procedure used as an auxiliary examination for infertility, designed to evaluate the patency and functional status of a woman's fallopian tubes. The procedure generally includes several steps: preparation, insertion of the catheter, injection of contrast medium, imaging, and completion of the examination. Specific details are as follows:

　　1. Preparation

　　Prior to the examination, patients should have a detailed discussion with their doctor to understand the specific procedure and potential risks. A physical examination and necessary laboratory tests should be performed to ensure that the patient’s health condition meets the requirements for the procedure.

　　2. Catheter Insertion

　　A thin, flexible catheter is inserted into the patient’s vagina and gradually advanced to the uterus and openings of the fallopian tubes. Some discomfort may occur during this process, but it is usually tolerable.

　　3. Contrast Medium Injection

　　Once the catheter is properly positioned, contrast medium is injected through it. This allows the uterus and fallopian tubes to be visualized, enabling the doctor to assess tubal function.

　　4. Imaging

　　After injecting the contrast medium, imaging equipment is used to observe the flow and distribution of the contrast within the fallopian tubes. This helps determine whether the tubes are open, blocked, or narrowed.

　　5. Completion of the Examination

　　Upon completion, the doctor removes the catheter from the patient’s body and provides instructions regarding post-procedure care and follow-up treatment plans.

　　Avoid excessively greasy or spicy foods one week before the examination, as these may affect the results. Also, maintain a light diet the night before the procedure to prevent gastrointestinal discomfort that could interfere with the examination. If considering this examination, it is recommended to first consult a physician to understand any necessary precautions.