What are the 12 complications of hemodialysis?
Nov 21, 2023
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Ziqi
Introduction
Hemodialysis refers to the process of blood dialysis. The claim that hemodialysis has exactly 12 complications is not scientifically supported. Possible complications of hemodialysis include disequilibrium syndrome, muscle cramps, gastrointestinal bleeding, heart failure, air embolism, and others. Patients undergoing hemodialysis should pay attention to their diet, ensure adequate nutrition, regularly monitor blood pressure and blood glucose levels, control fluid intake, and adhere to a regular dialysis schedule.
In general, hemodialysis refers to the process of blood dialysis. The claim that there are exactly 12 complications associated with hemodialysis lacks scientific basis. However, hemodialysis may lead to various complications such as disequilibrium syndrome, muscle cramps, gastrointestinal bleeding, heart failure, and air embolism. Specific details are analyzed below:
1. Disequilibrium Syndrome
During hemodialysis, rapid removal of toxins from the blood can create an osmotic pressure difference between the blood and brain tissue, leading to a series of symptoms such as headache, nausea, vomiting, and restlessness. It is recommended that patients take potassium supplements such as potassium chloride sustained-release tablets or potassium citrate sustained-release tablets as prescribed by their doctor.
2. Muscle Cramps
During hemodialysis, muscle cramps may occur due to rapid ultrafiltration, use of low-sodium dialysate, hypovolemia, electrolyte imbalances, or hypotension. Patients are advised to take medications such as diazepam tablets or dantrolene sodium for injection as directed by their physician.
3. Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Anticoagulants used during hemodialysis can disrupt the normal clotting mechanism, potentially causing gastrointestinal bleeding. It is recommended that patients use medications such as rabeprazole sodium enteric-coated tablets or pantoprazole sodium for injection as prescribed.
4. Heart Failure
In patients with impaired kidney function, if excess fluid intake cannot be promptly eliminated or if dialysis is inadequate, fluid and sodium retention may occur, increasing cardiac workload and potentially leading to heart failure. Patients should take medications such as losartan potassium and hydrochlorothiazide tablets or digoxin tablets as directed by their doctor.
5. Air Embolism
If air enters the bloodstream during hemodialysis, it may cause air embolism—a serious complication that can be fatal. Treatment may include medications such as mannitol injection or diazepam tablets as prescribed by a physician.
Patients undergoing hemodialysis should pay attention to their diet, ensure adequate nutrition, regularly monitor blood pressure and glucose levels, control fluid intake, and adhere to a regular dialysis schedule. If any discomfort occurs, patients should seek medical attention promptly and follow standardized treatment under a doctor’s guidance to support recovery.
