What causes a runny nose and nasal pain?

In general, runny nose and nasal pain may be caused by environmental factors, the common cold, acute rhinitis, allergic rhinitis, or sinusitis. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and receive appropriate treatment under a doctor's guidance. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Environmental Factors

If the surrounding environment is cold, the nasal mucosa may become irritated by cold air, leading to symptoms such as runny nose, nasal soreness, and pain. It is advisable to stay warm and use a humidifier indoors when necessary, which can help alleviate discomfort.

2. Common Cold

Exposure to cold temperatures may reduce the body's resistance, allowing pathogens to invade and cause a cold. Symptoms include runny nose, nasal congestion, and coughing. Pain may also occur from frequent nose wiping. Under a doctor’s guidance, oral medications such as cefixime dispersible tablets, amoxicillin capsules, or roxithromycin capsules may be used to relieve symptoms.

3. Acute Rhinitis

Reduced immunity may lead to bacterial infection and trigger acute rhinitis. This condition causes nasal mucosal congestion and swelling, accompanied by symptoms such as runny nose, nasal congestion, and nasal pain. Patients are advised to follow medical instructions and use medications like mometasone furoate nasal spray, budesonide inhalation aerosol, or azelastine fluticasone nasal spray to relieve symptoms.

4. Allergic Rhinitis

Exposure to allergens may trigger allergic rhinitis, causing local congestion, runny nose, nasal congestion, itchy eyes, and possibly nasal pain. Treatment may include antihistamines such as loratadine tablets, cetirizine hydrochloride capsules, or oxymetazoline hydrochloride nasal drops, used according to medical advice.

5. Sinusitis

Foreign objects entering the nasal cavity or sinuses may block sinus openings, impairing mucus drainage and potentially leading to purulent infection and sinusitis. Symptoms include nasal pain, nasal congestion, runny nose, and fever. It is recommended to take medications such as amoxicillin-clavulanate potassium tablets, cefixime tablets, or prednisolone acetate tablets as directed by a physician.

In daily life, adequate rest should be maintained to avoid excessive fatigue. A balanced diet with sufficient nutrition is important, and spicy, irritating foods such as chili peppers, ginger, and pepper should be avoided. Maintaining a positive mindset can support recovery and overall health.