How severe are the harms of ankylosing spondylitis?

In general, ankylosing spondylitis can cause significant harm, including spinal stiffness, restricted joint mobility, chronic pain, ocular inflammation, and atherosclerosis. Patients are advised to seek medical attention promptly for appropriate treatment. The specific analysis is as follows:

1. Spinal Stiffness

Long-term inflammatory responses caused by ankylosing spondylitis may lead to fibrosis and calcification of ligaments and soft tissues. These changes can make the spinal ligaments and soft tissues stiff, further limiting spinal flexibility and normal movement. Spinal surgery may be performed to correct deformities and improve function. In daily life, patients can also perform specific exercises and stretching routines targeting spinal stiffness to enhance flexibility and improve posture.

2. Restricted Joint Mobility

Chronic inflammation associated with ankylosing spondylitis stimulates bone tissue, leading to bone overgrowth (osteophyte formation). This excessive bone growth strengthens bony connections between joints, restricting normal joint movement and contributing to spinal rigidity. Symptoms may be relieved through conservative treatments such as local heat application or massage, which help improve blood circulation and alleviate discomfort.

3. Chronic Pain

Ankylosing spondylitis primarily affects joints in the spine and pelvic region, especially the sacroiliac and vertebral joints. Inflammation and damage to these joints can result in chronic pain in the back and pelvis. Patients may take medications such as sulfasalazine enteric-coated tablets, diclofenac sodium sustained-release tablets, or celecoxib capsules under medical supervision.

4. Ocular Inflammation

Ankylosing spondylitis is an autoimmune disease in which abnormal activation of the immune system triggers inflammatory responses. This dysregulated immune response may affect the eyes, causing ocular inflammation. Treatment may include ophthalmic solutions such as fluorometholone eye drops, cortisone acetate eye drops, or tobramycin-dexamethasone eye drops, used under a doctor's guidance.

5. Atherosclerosis

Patients with ankylosing spondylitis may face an increased risk of cardiovascular complications, including atherosclerosis. Medications such as clopidogrel hydrogen sulfate tablets, ticagrelor tablets, or aspirin tablets may be prescribed and taken according to medical advice.

In daily life, patients are encouraged to consume foods rich in calcium, such as black beans, milk, and shrimp, which may help support spinal health.