What is vasa previa rupture and how should it be managed?

Generally, vasa previa rupture refers to the rupture of placental blood vessels before the delivery of the fetus during fetal development. This condition may be caused by chromosomal abnormalities, multiple pregnancies, drug side effects, hypertension, diabetes, and other factors. If any discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek timely medical treatment. The detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Chromosomal Abnormalities

Chromosomal abnormalities may interfere with the normal development of fetal blood vessels. The formation and differentiation of blood vessels is a complex process involving the regulation of multiple genes and signaling pathways. Chromosomal abnormalities may disrupt these regulatory processes, thereby affecting normal vascular development and leading to symptoms such as vasa previa rupture, growth retardation, and developmental malformations. Prenatal diagnostic procedures such as amniocentesis or chorionic villus sampling may be considered to determine whether the fetus carries chromosomal abnormalities.

2. Multiple Pregnancy

In cases where multiple fetuses share the same placenta, blood supply may become uneven. Sometimes, one fetus may receive excessive blood flow from the others, placing undue pressure on its vascular system. This over-perfusion may lead to vasa previa rupture, severe early pregnancy reactions, and obvious uterine enlargement. Multiple pregnancies require increased nutritional and energy support. Doctors may recommend increasing intake of protein, vitamins, and minerals, and ensuring that the pregnant woman maintains good overall health.

3. Drug Side Effects

If a pregnant woman takes certain anticoagulant medications, such as warfarin sodium tablets or heparin sodium lozenges, these drugs can affect the coagulation process, potentially causing fetal intravascular bleeding and increasing the risk of vasa previa rupture. The physician may adjust the dosage or switch to a more suitable medication based on the individual patient's condition to minimize adverse effects.

4. Hypertension

Hypertension generally occurs with aging. When a pregnant woman has hypertension, abnormal maternal circulation may result, leading to inadequate blood supply to the fetus. This places increased pressure on the fetal vessels, particularly in the vasa previa region. Prolonged insufficient blood flow may cause complications such as vasa previa rupture, placental insufficiency, and fetal distress. Treatment under medical supervision may include antihypertensive medications such as methyldopa tablets, labetalol hydrochloride tablets, or nifedipine tablets.

5. Diabetes

Diabetes may be influenced by genetic factors and can lead to abnormal maternal circulation. Elevated blood glucose levels can impair vascular elasticity and function, resulting in poor blood flow and inadequate perfusion, which may cause fetal hypoxia, hydrocephalus, and vasa previa rupture. Medications such as metformin hydrochloride sustained-release tablets, repaglinide tablets, or nateglinide tablets may be used as directed by a physician for management.

In addition, harmful substances such as tobacco smoke and alcohol should be avoided in daily life, as they may negatively impact fetal development.