What is the procedure for glucose screening?

Glucose screening refers to screening for gestational diabetes mellitus. Generally, the process for gestational diabetes screening includes an initial screening, blood glucose testing, diagnostic blood glucose evaluation, confirmation of diagnosis, and an oral glucose tolerance test. If any of these are required, it is recommended to seek timely medical evaluation. Specific details are as follows:

1. Initial screening: The initial screening is typically performed between 24 and 28 weeks of pregnancy. The pregnant woman must fast and drink a glucose-containing sugar solution.

2. Blood glucose testing: One hour after drinking the glucose solution, a small sample of blood is drawn to measure blood glucose levels. This test assesses the body's glucose response and determines whether further diagnostic testing is needed.

3. Diagnostic blood glucose level: Depending on the healthcare institution and region, diagnostic criteria for blood glucose levels may vary. If the one-hour blood glucose value exceeds a specific threshold—typically 130–140 mg/dL—further diagnostic testing is required.

4. Confirmation of diagnosis: If the initial screening shows blood glucose levels above the threshold, a confirmatory diagnosis is necessary. This usually involves performing an oral glucose tolerance test.

5. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): For the OGTT, the pregnant woman is instructed to drink a more concentrated glucose solution as directed by a physician. Blood glucose levels are then measured at specific time intervals—such as 1, 2, and 3 hours—to determine whether they meet the diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes.

During gestational diabetes screening, pregnant women should strictly follow their doctor’s instructions to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of the testing.