What causes black spots and severe itching in the eyes, and what should be done about it?

Black spots and intense itching in the eyes may be caused by conditions such as pigmented nevi, parasitic infections, vitreous opacities, floaters (muscae volitantes), cataracts, and other reasons. It is recommended to promptly visit a正规 hospital for diagnosis and appropriate treatment based on the underlying cause. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Foreign body entry into the eye

When dust, small insects, or other tiny particles enter the eye, they can irritate the eye and cause an itchy sensation. These foreign bodies may appear as black spots. The irritation triggers nerve impulses, leading to itching and discomfort. Try blinking to allow tears to naturally flush out the object. Rinse the eye with saline solution to remove the foreign body.

2. Eye strain

Prolonged screen time on computers, smartphones, or extended reading can lead to eye fatigue. The conjunctiva may become congested and dry, black spots might appear, and disrupted eye metabolism can result in itchiness. Rest your eyes every 30–40 minutes for 5–10 minutes by looking into the distance or closing your eyes. Gently massage around the eyes to promote blood circulation.

3. Allergies

Exposure to allergens such as pollen, dust, or animal dander can trigger an allergic reaction in the conjunctiva. This causes redness, swelling, and itching of the conjunctiva. The black spots seen in the eye may be small follicles or papillary hyperplasia on the conjunctiva due to allergy, appearing visually as dark spots. Avoid known allergens. Apply a cold compress to the eyes to reduce itching and congestion.

4. Floaters (Muscae Volitantes)

Floaters may result from vitreous liquefaction and degeneration, or posterior vitreous detachment. Patients may see floating dot-like shadows in their vision, which may appear as small black spots. Under medical guidance, patients may use eye drops such as chloramphenicol eye drops, pearl brightening eye drops, or levofloxacin hydrochloride eye drops for treatment.

5. Cataracts

Cataracts may be caused by genetic factors. Although cataracts typically present with blurred vision and decreased visual acuity, in some cases patients may experience black spots in the eye accompanied by itching. In such cases, patients should follow medical advice and consider treatments such as intracapsular or extracapsular cataract extraction.

In daily life, it is recommended to maintain a positive mindset, avoid spicy, stimulating, and greasy foods, get adequate rest, and develop healthy lifestyle habits.