What does high ketone levels mean?

Under normal circumstances, ketones are metabolic byproducts produced when the body breaks down fat. Elevated ketone levels usually indicate an abnormality in glucose metabolism. If test results show abnormal values, it is advisable to seek medical attention promptly. The following is a detailed explanation:

Elevated ketones typically refer to excessive levels of ketones in the urine, indicating a state of metabolic disturbance—either overproduction or insufficient elimination of ketones. Ketones are metabolic byproducts generated during fat breakdown and mainly include acetoacetate, acetone, and beta-hydroxybutyrate. Normally, ketone tests should be negative, as ketones serve as an energy source for the body. However, under certain conditions—such as prolonged high-fat, low-carbohydrate diets, impaired glucose metabolism, abnormal alcohol metabolism, or fatty acid oxidation disorders—the production of ketones may exceed the body's capacity to utilize them, leading to elevated ketone levels.

Elevated ketones may lead to various health issues, including gastrointestinal discomfort, malnutrition, and acidosis. Therefore, timely treatment is necessary. Adjusting diet, intravenous fluid therapy, or blood glucose control can help accelerate recovery and prevent further deterioration of the condition.