What are the treatment principles for intracranial hematoma?

The general treatment principles for intracranial hematoma include close monitoring of the condition, maintaining airway patency, controlling increased intracranial pressure, surgical intervention, and prevention and management of complications. If any brain-related discomfort occurs, prompt medical evaluation and cooperation with physician-directed treatment are necessary.

1. Close Monitoring of the Condition

Closely monitor the patient's level of consciousness and vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, and body temperature, to promptly detect changes in condition—especially early signs of increased intracranial pressure or brain herniation—providing a basis for subsequent treatment.

2. Maintaining Airway Patency

Timely remove respiratory secretions and vomitus to prevent aspiration and suffocation. For comatose patients, early endotracheal intubation or tracheostomy should be performed; mechanical ventilation may be required when necessary to ensure adequate oxygen supply and prevent worsening of brain injury due to hypoxia.

3. Controlling Increased Intracranial Pressure

Reduce intracranial pressure and alleviate cerebral edema by elevating the head of the bed, restricting fluid intake, and using osmotic diuretics and other medications, thereby preventing the development of brain herniation. When necessary, hyperventilation may be applied to lower arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure, inducing cerebral vasoconstriction, reducing cerebral blood flow, and subsequently decreasing intracranial pressure.

4. Surgical Treatment

Surgical intervention should be performed promptly in patients with large hematomas, severe conditions, signs of brain herniation, or persistently elevated intracranial pressure despite conservative management. Surgical options include craniotomy for hematoma evacuation and burr hole drainage, aiming to remove the intracranial hematoma, relieve compression on brain tissue, and restore normal brain structure and function.

5. Prevention and Management of Complications

Actively prevent and treat potential complications such as pulmonary infection, stress ulcers, and deep vein thrombosis. Enhance nursing care by regularly turning and back-patting the patient, maintaining skin hygiene, and implementing rehabilitation therapies to promote recovery of neurological function and improve quality of life.

In daily life, it is important to develop healthy habits, ensure sufficient sleep, avoid staying up late, and maintain a positive mood, avoiding negative emotions such as anxiety and irritability, all of which contribute to overall physical well-being.