What causes frequent nosebleeds?

Generally, frequent nosebleeds may be caused by factors such as dry nasal passages, excessive irritation of the nasal mucosa, internal heat ("shang huo"), acute rhinitis, or atrophic rhinitis. Patients should promptly visit a qualified medical facility to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment. Specific causes are analyzed as follows:

1. Dry nasal cavity: Prolonged exposure to dry environments—such as overheated indoor heating during winter or excessively dry air-conditioned rooms in summer—can cause the nasal mucosa to become dry and lose its normal moisture, leading to nosebleeds. In such cases, patients can slightly lower their head and apply gentle pressure to the bleeding nostril, which usually stops the bleeding effectively.

2. Excessive irritation of the nasal mucosa: Frequently using fingers, cotton swabs, or other objects to irritate the nasal mucosa—such as aggressive nose picking or vigorous nasal cleaning—can damage the delicate lining and lead to bleeding. It is recommended that patients develop healthy habits, minimize these behaviors, and adopt proper nasal hygiene practices, such as moistening the nasal passages before gently blowing out secretions.

3. Internal heat ("Shang huo"): This may result from pathological heat affecting the lungs, excessive stomach fire, or rising liver fire. For example, consuming overly spicy or greasy foods may irritate the gastrointestinal tract, leading to excessive stomach fire and subsequent nosebleeds. Under medical guidance, patients may take medications such as Pudilan Anti-inflammatory Oral Liquid, Niuhuang Qingxin Pills, or Tianwang Buxin Dan to alleviate discomfort.

4. Acute rhinitis: Often caused by viral infections such as influenza virus or rhinovirus, acute rhinitis leads to inflammation, congestion, and swelling of the nasal mucosa, along with dilated capillaries that are prone to rupture and bleeding. Under a doctor’s supervision, patients may take antiviral medications such as oseltamivir phosphate granules, Siji Kangbingdu Oral Liquid, or ribavirin tablets for treatment.

5. Atrophic rhinitis: A chronic form of rhinitis characterized by progressive thinning and atrophy of the nasal mucosa, resulting in nasal dryness and recurrent bleeding. Patients may use prescribed nasal sprays such as mometasone furoate nasal spray, fluticasone propionate nasal spray, or oxymetazoline hydrochloride spray to manage symptoms under medical supervision.

In daily diet, it is important to avoid spicy, stimulating, raw, cold, or hard foods. Instead, opt for light and easily digestible meals. If symptoms persist or fail to improve, prompt medical evaluation and diagnosis are recommended.