What are the causes of hiccups?

Hiccups usually refer to singultus. In general, possible causes of singultus include improper diet, anxiety, functional gastrointestinal disorders, gastroenteritis, and reflux esophagitis. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and receive symptomatic treatment under a doctor's guidance. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Improper diet: Consuming excessive gas-producing foods such as potatoes and sweet potatoes may increase intestinal gas, potentially leading to hiccups. In such cases, abdominal massage as directed by a physician may help expel excess gas and alleviate hiccup symptoms.

2. Anxiety: When experiencing tension or anxiety, the sympathetic nervous system may be affected, thereby inhibiting gastric motility and emptying function, which could trigger hiccups. Deep breathing, meditation, and similar techniques can help relieve emotional stress and maintain a calm state of mind.

3. Functional gastrointestinal disorders: These are often caused by interactions among biological, psychological, and social factors. The condition weakens gastrointestinal motility, making hiccups more likely, often accompanied by symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation. Patients may follow medical advice to use medications such as Bifidobacterium live powder, Mebeverine Hydrochloride tablets, or Pinaverium Bromide tablets for treatment.

4. Gastroenteritis: This may be related to alcohol consumption or infection. Inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract can prevent gas from being expelled normally, resulting in hiccups, along with symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. Patients should follow medical instructions to take medications such as Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride capsules, Bismuth Potassium Citrate tablets, or Enteritis Relief granules.

5. Reflux esophagitis: This is commonly associated with decreased anti-reflux function and weakened esophageal mucosal defense barriers. It affects gastric motility, causing food to accumulate and ferment in the stomach, producing excessive gas and leading to hiccups, as well as symptoms like heartburn and nausea. Patients should follow medical advice for drug treatment, such as Cisapride tablets, Esomeprazole Magnesium enteric-coated tablets, or Rabeprazole Sodium enteric-coated tablets.

In daily life, it is important to develop healthy habits, avoid strenuous exercise, and keep the abdomen warm. Eat slowly and avoid spicy or cold foods such as chili peppers and ice cream. Focus on light, easily digestible foods.