What are the effects of having sex during menstruation?

Having intercourse during menstruation may lead to various adverse effects, including worsening menstrual discomfort, changes in menstrual flow, gynecological inflammation, endometriosis, and even infertility. If any discomfort occurs during menstruation, it is advisable to seek medical attention promptly. The specific risks are analyzed as follows:

1. Worsening Menstrual Discomfort

During menstruation, women may already experience symptoms such as abdominal pain and backache. Sexual intercourse can stimulate the genital organs and cause uterine contractions, potentially intensifying these discomforts and negatively affecting both physical health and emotional well-being.

2. Changes in Menstrual Flow

Menstruation primarily results from the shedding of the uterine lining. Intercourse during this time may interfere with the normal shedding process, possibly leading to heavier menstrual bleeding and prolonged periods. In severe cases, this could result in anemia.

3. Risk of Gynecological Infections

The body's immunity is relatively lower during menstruation, and the cervix is slightly open. Engaging in intercourse at this time increases the risk of pathogens entering the vagina and cervix, potentially causing gynecological infections such as vaginitis or cervicitis.

4. Endometriosis

Intercourse can stimulate the uterus, increasing abdominal pressure and hindering the smooth discharge of menstrual blood. This may promote retrograde menstruation (backflow of menstrual blood), which can interfere with the recovery of the endometrial tissue and increase the risk of developing endometriosis.

5. Infertility

Having intercourse during menstruation may also trigger inflammation in the fallopian tubes, potentially leading to blockage. This can prevent the egg from being released properly and hinder fertilization, thereby increasing the risk of female infertility.

To avoid these potential complications, it is best to avoid intercourse during menstruation. If intercourse is desired, it is recommended to wait until 3–5 days after menstruation has ended.