What causes black spots on the face?

Generally, dark spots on the face may be caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, aging, endocrine disorders, solar dermatitis, melasma, and other factors. It is recommended to seek medical advice promptly, identify the underlying cause, and receive appropriate treatment under the guidance of a healthcare professional. The specific analysis is as follows:

1. UV Radiation

Prolonged exposure to sunlight, especially without proper sun protection, can stimulate melanocytes in the skin to produce excess melanin. This melanin accumulates in the outer layers of the skin, forming dark spots. There may be mild sunburn sensation or skin redness. Sun protection measures should be taken when going outdoors, such as wearing wide-brimmed hats, using umbrellas, or applying sunscreen to reduce UV exposure.

2. Aging

As people age, the skin's metabolic capacity declines, affecting pigment metabolism, which may lead to the development of dark spots on the face. In daily life, it is advisable to consume more foods rich in vitamins and anthocyanins, while reducing intake of soy sauce-based products and pickled foods.

3. Endocrine Disorders

Endocrine imbalances may result from various factors such as chronic sleep deprivation and excessive mental stress, leading to hormonal disturbances that affect skin metabolism and pigment deposition, causing facial dark spots. Symptoms may also include menstrual irregularities and mood swings. Treatment should follow medical advice and may include medications such as hydroquinone cream, Xiaoyao Pills, or tretinoin cream.

4. Solar Dermatitis

Solar dermatitis is a skin inflammation caused by prolonged exposure to intense sunlight. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation may occur during the recovery phase, resulting in dark spots. Common symptoms include redness, swelling, pain, itching, and a burning sensation. Treatment should be guided by a physician and may include calamine lotion, compound acetic acid dexamethasone cream, or compound glycyrrhizin tablets.

5. Melasma

Melasma is a chronic skin condition usually associated with changes in hormone levels, genetic predisposition, and UV exposure. It causes excessive deposition of melanin in areas such as the face, leading to dark spots. Treatment should follow medical recommendations and may involve vitamin C tablets, hydroquinone cream, and vitamin E soft capsules.

To maintain healthy skin, it is important to avoid prolonged sun exposure, use appropriate sun protection, maintain regular sleep patterns, practice good skin hygiene and moisturization, eat a balanced diet, and undergo regular skin examinations to detect and address skin issues early.