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Pneumococcal vaccine (23-valent) not recommended

May 30, 2024 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Ziqi
Introduction
The 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine is not recommended for individuals who may be immunocompromised, pregnant, or have conditions such as allergic reactions, diabetes, or systemic lupus erythematosus. To maintain personal health, one should focus on enhancing immunity and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including balanced nutrition, moderate exercise, and sufficient rest. Additionally, potential health issues should be identified early and addressed promptly.

Under normal circumstances, the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine is generally not recommended for individuals who may have compromised immune function, are pregnant, have a history of allergic reactions, suffer from diabetes, or have systemic lupus erythematosus. If any of the above conditions are present, prompt medical consultation and treatment are advised. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Impaired Immune Function

Immune system underdevelopment or dysfunction may result from genetic mutations, long-term use of immunosuppressants, chemotherapy drugs, or other factors leading to reduced immune function. Individuals with impaired immunity may fail to mount an adequate immune response after vaccination, resulting in suboptimal vaccine efficacy. This may also increase the risk of adverse reactions, such as allergies. Symptoms may include respiratory infections, skin infections, and systemic manifestations like fever, fatigue, and weight loss. Treatment should follow medical advice and may include thymopeptide injection, transfer factor injection, or oral pidotimod solution.

2. Pregnancy

Pregnant women undergo various physiological changes during gestation, including decreased immunity. Vaccination may potentially cause adverse effects on the fetus. Immunization during pregnancy might trigger excessive immune responses, affecting maternal and fetal health. Local reactions such as redness, swelling, and pain at the injection site may occur. At home, warm compresses and ensuring sufficient sleep can help manage symptoms.

3. Allergic Reactions

Allergy to components of the vaccine may lead to severe allergic reactions, including skin rashes, itching, swelling, laryngeal edema, difficulty breathing, hypotension, or even shock. Vaccination should be immediately discontinued, and treatment should follow medical guidance using epinephrine, dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection, or cetirizine hydrochloride medication.

4. Diabetes

Diabetes results from insufficient insulin secretion or impaired insulin action, leading to hyperglycemia. Diabetic patients with poor glycemic control may face increased risks of adverse reactions following vaccination. Common symptoms include polydipsia (excessive thirst), polyphagia (increased appetite), polyuria (frequent urination), and weight loss, possibly accompanied by complications such as retinopathy, neuropathy, or nephropathy. Treatment should follow medical advice and may include metformin hydrochloride tablets, insulin, or glimepiride tablets.

5. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

SLE is an autoimmune disorder causing multi-system involvement due to immune system dysregulation. In these patients, vaccination may provoke excessive immune responses and potentially impair the body's ability to respond effectively to the vaccine. Clinical manifestations may include butterfly-shaped rashes, discoid rashes, generalized fever, fatigue, weight loss, joint pain, and swelling. Additional symptoms may include proteinuria or hematuria.

To maintain personal health, it is important to focus on enhancing immunity and adopting a healthy lifestyle, including balanced nutrition, moderate exercise, and adequate rest. Additionally, potential health issues should be identified early and managed proactively to minimize their impact on overall well-being.

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