What causes blood in semen?

In general, blood in semen refers to hematospermia. Hematospermia may be caused by factors such as seminal vesicle spasm, irregular sexual activity, calculi (stones), seminal vesiculitis, or prostatitis. If the above conditions occur, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Seminal Vesicle Spasm

This may be caused by inflammation or unhealthy lifestyle habits. When a spasm occurs in the seminal vesicle, sudden changes in internal pressure can cause capillaries in the vesicle wall to rupture, allowing blood to mix with semen and result in hematospermia. This condition can usually be improved by adjusting lifestyle habits.

2. Irregular Sexual Activity

Excessively frequent sexual activity or a sudden increase after prolonged sexual abstinence may lead to excessive local congestion in the reproductive system, causing small blood vessels to rupture and bleed, resulting in hematospermia. It is important to maintain a regular and balanced sexual routine in daily life.

3. Seminal Vesicle Calculi (Stones)

Seminal vesicle stones are caused by high concentrations of substances such as calcium and oxalate in urine. As stones move through the urinary tract, they may irritate the mucous membranes, causing tissue damage and bleeding. The blood then mixes with semen, leading to the aforementioned symptoms. Patients may also experience symptoms such as lower back pain and difficulty urinating. Treatment typically involves medications prescribed by a physician, such as cefdinir, levofloxacin tablets, or ibuprofen sustained-release tablets.

4. Seminal Vesiculitis

Infections (bacterial), trauma, or unhealthy lifestyle habits may all lead to inflammation of the seminal vesicles. Inflammation causes congestion, swelling of the vesicle wall, and increased vascular permeability, allowing blood to leak into the semen and cause hematospermia. Patients may also experience symptoms such as painful ejaculation and frequent urination. Medications such as tranexamic acid tablets, indomethacin tablets, or minocycline hydrochloride tablets may be used under medical guidance.

5. Prostatitis

Prostatitis may be caused by bacterial infection, prolonged sitting, excessive alcohol consumption, or other factors. The inflammatory response leads to local tissue congestion and edema, potentially causing small blood vessels to rupture. During ejaculation, this blood mixes with semen, resulting in hematospermia. Symptoms may include painful urination and sexual dysfunction. Patients should receive treatment under a doctor’s supervision using medications such as azithromycin capsules, ampicillin capsules, or tamsulosin hydrochloride.

To prevent abnormalities in semen, individuals should maintain healthy lifestyle habits, avoid prolonged sitting, practice regular sexual activity, and reduce unhealthy behaviors such as excessive masturbation or heavy drinking, in order to preserve the health of the reproductive system.