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In general, carrying a fetus with Down syndrome may be caused by factors such as genetic inheritance, environmental influences, advanced maternal age, chromosomal abnormalities, and immune system disorders. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and receive symptomatic treatment under the guidance of a qualified physician. The specific analysis is as follows:

1. Genetics

If one of the parents carries a gene associated with chromosomal abnormalities, their offspring have a higher probability of inheriting the abnormal chromosome, leading to the occurrence of Down syndrome. Special treatment is usually not required; however, regular prenatal examinations—especially Down syndrome screening—should be performed to detect and manage any abnormalities as early as possible.

2. Environment

Exposure to certain harmful substances during pregnancy—such as specific chemicals or radiation—can interfere with cell division in embryonic development, causing errors in chromosome replication or separation. This may result in chromosomal abnormalities and increase the risk of fetal Down syndrome. Pregnant women should avoid exposure to harmful substances and maintain a healthy living environment.

3. Advanced Maternal Age

As women age, the likelihood of chromosomal mis-segregation during oocyte maturation increases, which can lead to an abnormal number of chromosomes in the fertilized egg and potentially trigger Down syndrome. No special treatment is generally required, but it is important to avoid smoking, alcohol consumption, and taking medications without medical supervision to reduce the risk of conceiving a child with Down syndrome.

4. Chromosomal Abnormalities

Chromosomal abnormalities arise from errors during chromosome replication or division in early embryonic development. When chromosomes fail to separate properly during cell division, the number of chromosome 21 in the fertilized egg increases from the normal two to three copies, resulting in fetal Down syndrome. Down syndrome cannot be treated with medication, but after early diagnosis, prenatal genetic counseling, special education, and rehabilitation training can help support the child's development.

5. Immune System Disorders

Immune system dysregulation may be triggered by hormonal imbalances, abnormal emotional states, or other factors. Abnormal immune responses in the mother may attack embryonic tissues and disrupt normal developmental processes—including accurate chromosome replication and separation—potentially contributing to the aforementioned conditions. Targeted treatments may include medications such as cyclosporine capsules, methotrexate tablets, and transfer factor oral solution, used according to medical advice to control immune reactions and minimize harm to the embryo.

In daily life, maintaining a balanced diet and ensuring adequate intake of essential nutrients is crucial for supporting normal fetal development. Additionally, couples with a family history of genetic disorders should undergo preconception genetic counseling and testing to assess the risk of Down syndrome and implement appropriate preventive measures.