What are the symptoms and manifestations of fulminant myocarditis?

Acute fulminant myocarditis is a severe and life-threatening cardiac condition, commonly caused by viral infections, particularly Coxsackievirus, adenovirus, influenza virus, and others. After onset, patients may experience symptoms such as shortness of breath, dyspnea, chest tightness, generalized weakness, and muscle pain. If any discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek timely medical evaluation and treatment at a reputable hospital. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Shortness of breath

When viruses directly invade myocardial cells, fulminant myocarditis can rapidly develop, triggering an inflammatory response that leads to myocardial cell damage and death, thereby impairing the heart's pumping function. As a result, patients often experience shortness of breath.

2. Dyspnea (difficulty breathing)

As the disease progresses, myocardial cells become damaged. Extensive necrosis of myocardial cells reduces myocardial contractility, leading to decreased ventricular ejection volume and subsequent congestion in systemic and pulmonary circulation. The lungs, being the site of gas exchange, become congested, impairing gas exchange and causing dyspnea.

3. Chest tightness

Fulminant myocarditis often causes myocardial cell necrosis. The resulting inflammatory response and myocardial ischemia may lead to symptoms such as chest pain and chest tightness.

4. Generalized weakness

Due to myocardial injury, cardiac pump function may decline, resulting in inadequate blood supply to various tissues and organs throughout the body. This leads to symptoms of generalized weakness and fatigue.

5. Muscle pain

Following viral infection, patients with fulminant myocarditis may develop a systemic inflammatory response and impaired cardiac function, causing circulatory disturbances. This results in hypoxia of muscle tissue and accumulation of metabolic waste products, leading to muscle pain.

In daily life, patients should maintain healthy habits, adhere to regular作息 (daily routines), ensure sufficient sleep, and support normal physiological functions. Additionally, they should engage in appropriate physical exercise to enhance their immune resistance.