What is avian influenza?
Sep 06, 2024
Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Ziqi
Introduction
In general, avian influenza is associated with exposure to poultry or wild birds, cross-species transmission capability, the high pathogenicity of the virus, H5N1 avian influenza virus, and H7N9 avian influenza virus. If you experience any symptoms, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. The virus can enter the human body through the respiratory tract when coming into contact with bird feces or secretions, or by inhaling aerosols containing the virus, thereby causing infection.
In general, avian influenza is associated with exposure to domestic or wild birds, cross-species transmission capability, high pathogenicity of the virus, H5N1 avian influenza virus, and H7N9 avian influenza virus. If any symptoms occur, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. Specific analysis is as follows:
1. Exposure to domestic or wild birds
Avian influenza viruses are present in large quantities in bird feces, secretions, and feathers. When individuals come into contact with these substances or inhale aerosols containing the virus, the virus can enter the body through the respiratory tract and cause infection. It is important to maintain good hygiene habits and strengthen personal protective measures.
2. Cross-species transmission capability
Avian influenza viruses have a high capacity for mutation. Through genetic recombination and mutation, certain viral strains acquire the ability to infect respiratory epithelial cells of mammals, binding to receptors on the surface of human respiratory epithelial cells and causing infection. It is recommended to engage in appropriate exercise and avoid fatigue.
3. High pathogenicity of the virus
Avian influenza viruses can trigger a strong immune response, leading to a cytokine storm—overactivation of the body's immune system that releases excessive inflammatory mediators, damaging lung tissue and other organs. Symptoms commonly include high fever, severe cough, difficulty breathing, and hypoxemia. Treatment may include medications such as dexamethasone tablets, hydrocortisone tablets, and acyclovir tablets under medical supervision.
4. H5N1 avian influenza virus
The H5N1 avian influenza virus spreads via airborne droplets and contact with secretions or excretions from infected birds. After infection, the virus replicates extensively in the body, causing damage or even death of host cells. Common symptoms also include depression, loss of appetite, difficulty breathing, coughing, and runny nose. Under medical guidance, treatments may include Lianhua Qingwen capsules, compound paracetamol and amantadine capsules, and abidol hydrochloride tablets.
5. H7N9 avian influenza virus
The H7N9 avian influenza virus spreads through close contact between birds and humans, such as during slaughtering, processing, selling, or consuming poultry. Once inside the human body, the virus attacks respiratory and lung tissues. Symptoms may include fever, cough, and difficulty breathing. Antiviral medications such as oseltamivir phosphate capsules, peramivir injection, and zanamivir tablets should be used according to medical instructions.
It is advisable to maintain environmental hygiene and disinfection, improve nutrition, and reduce stress to support overall health.
