What causes itchy skin in the elderly, and how is it treated?

In general, skin itching in the elderly may be caused by skin aging, seasonal changes, drug allergies, fungal infections, cholestasis, and other factors. Treatment options include general management and medication. If discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Skin Aging

With increasing age, sebaceous and sweat gland functions decline, reducing the skin's ability to retain moisture. This often leads to dryness and subsequent itching. Regular use of moisturizing skincare products such as lotions, creams, or oils can help increase skin hydration.

2. Seasonal Changes

In winter, low air humidity accelerates evaporation of skin moisture, causing dryness. In summer, high temperature and humidity may prevent sweat from evaporating efficiently, leading to clogged pores and skin irritation. Use mild, non-irritating bathing products and avoid prolonged baths.

3. Drug Allergy

Elderly individuals may develop allergic reactions to certain long-term medications—such as antibiotics or antipyretic analgesics—resulting in skin itching. Symptoms may include itching, redness, swelling, and rashes. Discontinue the allergenic drug and, under medical guidance, switch to alternative medications.

4. Fungal Infection

Due to decreased immunity and weakened skin resistance, older adults are more susceptible to fungal infections such as jock itch (tinea cruris) or athlete’s foot (tinea pedis), which can cause localized itching. Associated symptoms include redness, scaling, and blisters. Patients should use antifungal medications such as clotrimazole cream, ketoconazole shampoo, or itraconazole capsules under a doctor's supervision.

5. Cholestasis

Declining liver function in the elderly may lead to bile accumulation (cholestasis), triggering skin itching. Accompanying symptoms may include jaundice, fatigue, and loss of appetite. Under medical advice, patients may take medications such as ursodeoxycholic acid capsules, loratadine tablets, or cyproheptadine hydrochloride tablets.

Maintain good personal hygiene to prevent skin infections. Keep the skin clean and dry, wear breathable footwear and clothing, and avoid damp environments.