How to manage incomplete abortion after induced abortion

In general, incomplete evacuation after an abortion may be caused by factors such as an oversized gestational sac, improper surgical technique, cervicitis, cervical or intrauterine adhesions, or uterine malformation. Treatment under medical guidance may include general management and medication. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Oversized Gestational Sac

When the gestational sac is too large, it may be difficult to completely remove all tissue during surgery through suction or curettage, leading to residual pregnancy tissue in the uterine cavity and resulting in incomplete evacuation. It is important to rest adequately, avoid strenuous physical activity, maintain external genital hygiene, and prevent infection.

2. Improper Surgical Technique

During the procedure, if the surgeon lacks experience or is negligent, suction or scraping of the uterus may be incomplete, leaving behind some embryonic tissue and causing incomplete evacuation. Adequate rest and proper hygiene care should be maintained afterward.

3. Cervicitis

Cervicitis is primarily an inflammatory condition of the cervical mucosa caused by pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Pre-existing cervicitis before surgery or infection introduced during the procedure can worsen inflammation, disrupt the uterine environment, and hinder the expulsion of residual tissue, leading to incomplete evacuation. Symptoms may include increased vaginal discharge, foul odor, and cervical congestion with swelling. Patients should follow medical advice and use medications such as Kangongyan tablets, levofloxacin hydrochloride capsules, or Fufang Huangbai liquid topical agent for treatment.

4. Cervical or Intrauterine Adhesions

Cervical or intrauterine adhesions refer to abnormal tissue attachments or scar formation between the cervical canal and uterine cavity due to inflammation or trauma. These adhesions can obstruct the outflow of residual tissue, resulting in incomplete evacuation. Symptoms may include reduced menstrual flow, amenorrhea, or infertility. Under medical supervision, patients may take medications such as cefaclor capsules, dydrogesterone tablets, or Yimucao granules.

5. Uterine Malformation

Uterine malformation results from a combination of factors including genetics, abnormal embryonic development, prior uterine surgeries, infections, diseases, or exposure to certain drugs or chemicals. Abnormal uterine shape increases surgical difficulty, making complete removal of embryonic tissue challenging and leading to incomplete evacuation. Symptoms may include infertility or recurrent miscarriages. Under a doctor’s guidance, medications such as estradiol valerate tablets, progesterone capsules, or Guizhi Fuling capsules may be used for treatment.

To prevent post-abortion complications, individuals should maintain good personal hygiene, follow a regular sleep schedule, avoid excessive fatigue, undergo routine gynecological examinations, and promptly identify and manage potential health issues.