What should I do about large dark spots on my face?

Generally, large dark spots on the face may be caused by factors such as genetic predisposition, excessive sun exposure, high levels of mental stress, seborrheic keratosis, or eczema. Treatments including general care, medications, microneedling whitening, chemical peels (such as glycolic acid), and photorejuvenation can be used under the guidance of a physician. Specific analysis is as follows:

1. Genetic Factors

Some individuals may have a genetic tendency to develop hyperpigmentation more easily, leading to large dark spots on the face. Concealing products can be used in daily life to mask the discoloration. Microneedling whitening can be performed under professional medical supervision. This treatment uses fine needles to create microscopic channels in the skin around the lips, stimulating the production of new collagen and elastin fibers while promoting the metabolism and elimination of melanin, thereby improving dark spots. The reference cost is typically 1,000–3,000 yuan per session. Improvement is usually visible within 7–14 days, although mild pain or discomfort may occur.

2. Excessive Sun Exposure

Prolonged exposure to sunlight causes ultraviolet (UV) radiation to stimulate the skin, making melanocytes overactive and producing excess melanin, which leads to dark spots. It is advisable to avoid prolonged sun exposure during midday hours and to use sunscreen and wear sun-protective hats. Glycolic acid peels are recommended under professional medical guidance. This involves applying solutions containing various concentrations of alpha-hydroxy acids—such as glycolic acid or lactic acid—to the skin surface, causing mild exfoliation of epidermal cells and promoting the regeneration of new cells and melanin metabolism, thus improving pigmentation. The reference price is generally 1,000–3,000 yuan per session, with improvement typically seen within 1–3 months. However, side effects such as skin irritation or allergic reactions may occur.

3. High Mental Stress

Chronic psychological stress may lead to hormonal imbalances, disrupting normal melanocyte function and resulting in excessive melanin production and the formation of dark spots. In daily life, it's important to relax, reduce stress, and maintain healthy sleep habits. Photorejuvenation (intense pulsed light therapy) may also be performed under professional medical supervision. This treatment uses selective photothermolysis to precisely target the skin, effectively destroying pigment particles and accelerating their metabolic clearance, significantly reducing pigmented spots and achieving skin brightening and purification. The reference cost ranges from 3,000–6,000 yuan per session, with visible improvement usually occurring within 1–2 weeks. Possible side effects include dryness, burns, infections, or allergic reactions.

4. Seborrheic Keratosis

Seborrheic keratosis is a benign, tumor-like skin lesion associated with aging and UV exposure, leading to melanin deposition in the skin and the appearance of dark spots. It may be accompanied by symptoms such as itching or tenderness. Treatment should follow medical advice and may include topical medications such as tretinoin cream, tazarotene cream, or imiquimod cream.

5. Eczema

Eczema is a common inflammatory skin condition that can impair the skin’s barrier function, stimulating melanocytes to produce excess melanin and form dark spots. Symptoms may include redness, blisters, and intense itching. Patients should follow medical instructions and may use medications such as azithromycin tablets, miconazole and clobetasol cream, or mupirocin ointment for treatment.

It is recommended to visit a reputable medical facility and undergo treatments under the supervision of qualified professionals to ensure both effectiveness and safety. In daily life, one should avoid excessive sun exposure, maintain regular sleep and dietary habits, reduce mental stress, and keep the skin clean and well-moisturized to help prevent the development of large dark spots on the face.