What are the causes of elevated alpha-fetoprotein?

Under normal circumstances, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a glycoprotein primarily synthesized by fetal liver cells and the yolk sac. Elevated AFP levels may be caused by excessive alcohol consumption, pregnancy, the neonatal period, hepatitis, cirrhosis, or other conditions. If any discomfort occurs, it is advisable to seek medical attention promptly. The specific analysis is as follows:

1. Excessive Alcohol Consumption

Long-term or heavy alcohol consumption can lead to liver damage, thereby causing elevated AFP levels. Complete abstinence from alcohol and maintaining a healthy lifestyle are recommended to prevent further liver injury.

2. Pregnancy

AFP is a protein produced by the fetal liver and gastrointestinal tract. Increased AFP levels in maternal blood during pregnancy are a normal physiological phenomenon. Regular prenatal check-ups are necessary to monitor fetal development and ensure a healthy pregnancy.

3. Neonatal Period

In the short term after birth, AFP levels in newborns may remain elevated. Regular neonatal examinations should be conducted to monitor changes in AFP levels over time and ensure healthy infant development.

4. Hepatitis

Prolonged or excessive use of antibiotics, antipyretic-analgesics, anti-tuberculosis drugs, and other medications may cause liver damage and lead to hepatitis. Liver cell injury can result in increased AFP levels, possibly accompanied by symptoms such as fatigue and decreased appetite. Treatment may include entecavir dispersible tablets, sofosbuvir tablets, polyene phosphatidylcholine capsules, or other medications as prescribed by a physician.

5. Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis may result from obesity, long-term exposure to chemical substances, viral infections, and other causes. Destruction of liver cell structure leads to increased AFP concentration in the blood, often accompanied by symptoms such as ascites and splenomegaly. Treatment may include spironolactone tablets, furosemide tablets, diammonium glycyrrhizinate injection, or other medications as directed by a doctor.

Regular moderate physical exercise is recommended to enhance physical fitness and boost immunity. Maintaining a regular sleep schedule and avoiding late nights and excessive fatigue can help preserve normal organ function, especially that of the liver.