What causes white patches on a child's face?

Generally, white patches on a child's face may be caused by congenital factors, sun exposure, malnutrition, eczema, vitiligo, or other reasons. Treatment may include general management and medication under the guidance of a doctor. Specific analysis is as follows:

1. Congenital Factors

Certain children may have localized facial skin pigment loss or uneven pigment distribution due to genetic factors or abnormalities during embryonic development, resulting in white patches. Regular observation and check-ups are recommended, along with protecting the skin from external irritants.

2. Sun Exposure

Prolonged exposure to strong sunlight can damage the skin through ultraviolet radiation, impairing melanocyte function and leading to the formation of white patches. In daily life, prolonged sun exposure should be avoided by using sunscreen and wearing long-sleeved clothing and hats.

3. Malnutrition

Picky eating habits in children may lead to insufficient intake of vitamins or trace elements such as zinc and selenium, which can disrupt normal skin metabolism and pigment production, causing the aforementioned symptoms. This may be accompanied by overall uneven skin tone or dry hair. Under medical advice, treatment may include medications such as calcium gluconate oral solution, compound vitamin B tablets, and lysine phosphate calcium granules.

4. Eczema

Eczema may be related to hereditary allergic predisposition, impaired skin barrier function, or immune system abnormalities. After inflammation subsides, local melanocyte function may not fully recover, leading to hypopigmentation and white patches. Itching and redness may also occur. Treatment should follow medical advice and may include medications such as loratadine granules, levocetirizine hydrochloride oral solution, and fusidic acid cream.

5. Vitiligo

Vitiligo is associated with low immune function, genetic factors, and others. It causes destruction of melanocytes, leading to depigmented patches and the appearance of white spots on the face. These patches may gradually enlarge and spread to other body areas. Patients should follow medical advice and use medications such as calcipotriol ointment, pimecrolimus cream, or tacrolimus ointment.

In daily life, it is important to maintain a balanced diet for children, consuming sufficient foods rich in vitamins and minerals. Sun protection measures should also be strengthened to avoid prolonged exposure to intense sunlight, thus protecting skin health.