What causes ovarian cysts?

Ovarian cysts are generally caused by factors such as menstrual cycle changes, corpus luteum cysts, salpingo-oophoritis, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and endometriosis. Treatment may include general management and medication under the guidance of a physician. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Menstrual Cycle Changes

During the menstrual cycle, cyclical fluctuations in hormone levels—particularly estrogen and progesterone—can lead to physiological changes in ovarian follicles, resulting in temporary cyst formation. Regular observation and follow-up with periodic ultrasound monitoring of cyst changes are recommended.

2. Corpus Luteum Cyst

After ovulation, the follicle wall collapses and forms the corpus luteum. Minor bleeding or plasma exudation within the corpus luteum can cause it to enlarge and form a cyst. In daily life, bed rest is advised, and strenuous physical activity should be avoided.

3. Salpingo-oophoritis

Salpingo-oophoritis often results from the spread of inflammation from adjacent organs. This condition can cause adhesions and edema in the fallopian tubes and ovaries, leading to the aforementioned symptoms. It may be accompanied by fever and increased vaginal discharge. Treatment should follow medical advice and may include medications such as cefuroxime axetil tablets, gynecological qianjin tablets, and acetaminophen tablets.

4. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

The causes of PCOS are multifactorial, including genetic, environmental, and endocrine factors. This disorder leads to the simultaneous development of multiple follicles in the ovaries without ovulation, resulting in the formation of multiple small cysts. Symptoms may include hirsutism and acne. Patients should follow medical advice and use medications such as cyproterone acetate tablets, clomiphene citrate capsules, and metformin hydrochloride tablets.

5. Endometriosis

Factors such as age, menstrual status, uterine abnormalities, and pregnancy can contribute to this condition. Endometriosis occurs when endometrial tissue appears outside the uterus, and when it invades the ovaries, it can form ovarian cysts. Symptoms may include dyspareunia (pain during intercourse) and infertility. Treatment should be conducted under medical supervision using medications such as drospirenone-ethinyl estradiol tablets, dydrogesterone tablets, and danazol capsules.

In daily life, attention should be paid to lifestyle adjustments, including maintaining regular作息 (sleep-wake cycles), balanced nutrition, and moderate exercise, to enhance immune function and reduce the risk of gynecological conditions such as ovarian cysts.