What does it mean when alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels are high?

Elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels are generally caused by factors such as intense physical exercise, poor diet, staying up late, fatty liver disease, or chronic hepatitis B. It is recommended to seek timely medical evaluation to determine the underlying cause and receive appropriate treatment under the guidance of a qualified physician. Specific causes are analyzed as follows:

1. Intense Exercise

High-intensity physical activity may cause ALT from muscle tissue to be released into the bloodstream, leading to a temporary increase in ALT levels. It is advisable to engage in moderate exercise, avoid overexertion, and ensure adequate rest.

2. Poor Diet

Excessive consumption of alcohol or high-fat foods can directly damage liver cells, resulting in elevated ALT levels. It is important to adjust dietary habits by reducing alcohol intake and controlling fat and calorie consumption to maintain a healthy lifestyle.

3. Staying Up Late

The liver primarily regenerates liver cells during nighttime rest, supported by blood and oxygen supply via the portal vein. Frequent late-night activities shorten the time available for liver cell recovery and regeneration, potentially causing liver cell damage and subsequent elevation of ALT levels. In daily life, it is essential to balance work and rest and avoid excessive sleep deprivation.

4. Fatty Liver Disease

Fatty liver disease typically results from excessive fat accumulation in the liver. When fat builds up excessively within liver cells, it can lead to hepatocellular injury, causing ALT to be released into the bloodstream and resulting in elevated levels. This condition may be accompanied by symptoms such as weight gain and abdominal discomfort. It is recommended to follow medical advice and use medications such as atorvastatin calcium tablets, compound glycyrrhizin tablets, or fenofibrate tablets for treatment.

5. Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Hepatitis B is a contagious disease caused by the hepatitis B virus, primarily affecting the liver. The virus invades liver cells and triggers an immune response, which may lead to liver cell damage. As damaged liver cells release ALT into the bloodstream, levels rise. Symptoms may include jaundice, loss of appetite, and fatigue. Treatment should be conducted under medical supervision using medications such as entecavir tablets, reduced glutathione tablets, or tenofovir alafenamide fumarate tablets.

In daily life, attention should be paid to dietary management—avoiding spicy and irritating foods—and avoiding late nights to promote better liver health.