What Causes Eye Stones?

Conjunctival concretions (commonly referred to as “eye stones”) are multiple, hard, yellowish deposits appearing on the tarsal conjunctiva. They result from degenerative changes involving accumulation of epithelial cells and concentration and impaction of mucus—never calcification—and are in fact conjunctival aggregates. When these concretions protrude above the conjunctival surface, they may irritate the cornea, causing a foreign-body sensation or even corneal abrasion and erosion. Under topical anesthesia, they can be carefully removed using a sharp blade or an ophthalmic foreign-body needle. This condition is most commonly observed in adults, elderly individuals, and patients with trachoma or chronic conjunctivitis. So, what causes conjunctival concretions? Below is an explanation.

Causes of Conjunctival Concretions

1. Ocular Diseases

Patients with hyperopia, astigmatism, or other ocular abnormalities are at increased risk if they habitually overuse their eyes, leading to ciliary muscle fatigue; severe fatigue may contribute to the formation of conjunctival concretions. In patients with glaucoma, acute attacks are often accompanied by ocular pain and headache; excessive eye strain during such episodes may further impair vision and predispose to conjunctival concretions. Additionally, untreated acute iridocyclitis or keratitis may also trigger the development of conjunctival concretions.

2. Age-Related Factors

Many elderly individuals develop conjunctival concretions due to age-related degenerative changes—including epithelial atrophy and metaplasia—in the conjunctiva, which increase susceptibility to this condition. Therefore, older adults experiencing ocular discomfort should promptly seek medical evaluation and actively cooperate with prescribed treatment.

3. Cosmetic Use

Eye makeup can also contribute to conjunctival concretions. During application, large amounts of mascara, eyeshadow, and other products are used; however, incomplete removal during cleansing may leave residual particles—including cosmetic powders—that inadvertently enter the eye. These particles may irritate the conjunctiva and promote concretion formation. Women are therefore advised to thoroughly remove all eye makeup daily to reduce the risk of developing conjunctival concretions.

The above outlines the primary causes of conjunctival concretions. We hope this information is helpful to you.