What causes nosebleeds in pregnant women?

In general, nosebleeds in pregnant women are caused by factors such as dry nasal passages, hormonal changes during pregnancy, sinusitis, coagulation disorders, and hypertension. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and receive appropriate treatment under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Specific causes are analyzed as follows:

1. Dry nasal passages

Dry air can cause the nasal mucosa to lose moisture, becoming dry and fragile. Even minor friction may damage the nasal mucosa, making pregnant women more prone to nosebleeds. Using saline nasal sprays can help relieve dryness and irritation in the nasal cavity and reduce the likelihood of nosebleeds.

2. Hormonal changes during pregnancy

During pregnancy, elevated estrogen levels can lead to swelling of the nasal mucosa and dilation of blood vessels, increasing the risk of nosebleeds. It is advisable to maintain humid indoor air by using a humidifier and avoid excessive dryness in the nasal passages.

3. Sinusitis

Sinusitis is typically an inflammatory condition caused by viral or bacterial infections. Inflammation can weaken blood vessel walls, making them more prone to rupture. Pregnant women with sinusitis may experience nosebleeds, especially when clearing their nasal passages. Symptoms often include nasal congestion and facial pain. It is recommended to follow a doctor's advice and use medications such as amoxicillin capsules, cefadroxil capsules, or azelastine fluticasone nasal spray for treatment.

4. Coagulation disorders

Coagulation disorders are conditions caused by abnormalities in clotting factors. If a pregnant woman has coagulation issues—such as thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) or deficiency in clotting factors—she may experience nosebleeds. Other symptoms may include gum bleeding and bruising. Treatment should follow medical advice and may include vitamin K1 injection, tranexamic acid injection, or aminomethylbenzoic acid tablets.

5. Hypertension

Hypertension refers to abnormally high blood pressure in the arteries. Elevated blood pressure increases stress on blood vessel walls, making them more likely to rupture and bleed, which can result in nosebleeds in pregnant women. This condition is often accompanied by symptoms such as headache and blurred vision. According to medical guidance, antihypertensive medications such as labetalol hydrochloride tablets, methyldopa tablets, or captopril tablets may be prescribed for treatment.

Pregnant women should pay extra attention to their health in daily life, maintain a balanced diet, and engage in moderate exercise to enhance their immune system.