What causes a cracked tongue?

Under normal circumstances, fissured tongue may be associated with factors such as genetic predisposition, poor oral habits, endocrine disorders, vitamin B2 deficiency, and Sjögren's syndrome. If discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and receive symptomatic treatment under the guidance of a qualified physician. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Genetic Factors

Due to genetic factors, some individuals may be prone to developing fissured tongue, possibly related to individual constitution or specific structural characteristics of the tongue mucosa, which may lead to crack-like grooves on the tongue surface. Generally, no special treatment is required. Maintaining good oral hygiene and preventing food from becoming lodged in the grooves to avoid infection is advised.

2. Poor Oral Habits

Poor oral habits, such as prolonged chewing of hard objects or gum, may stretch the tongue muscles and contribute to the development of fissured tongue. Correcting these habits, avoiding extended chewing of hard substances, and maintaining proper oral care can help preserve overall oral health.

3. Endocrine Disorders

Endocrine disorders caused by hormonal imbalances may disrupt the normal metabolism of mucosal tissues, leading to oral abnormalities such as fissured tongue. Symptoms may also include palpitations, weight loss, and excessive sweating. Patients may follow medical advice to use medications such as thyroid tablets, methimazole tablets, or metoprolol tartrate sustained-release tablets for treatment.

4. Vitamin B2 Deficiency

Vitamin B2 plays an essential role in cellular metabolism. Its deficiency can interfere with the normal renewal process of the tongue mucosa, potentially resulting in fissured tongue. This condition may be accompanied by symptoms such as dry skin, angular cheilitis, and chapped lips. Under medical supervision, patients may take supplements such as multivitamin tablets (21), compound vitamin B tablets, or vitamin B2 tablets.

5. Sjögren's Syndrome

Sjögren's syndrome involves the production of abnormal autoantibodies that target exocrine glands, damaging their function and significantly reducing saliva secretion. Since saliva normally provides lubrication and protection to the tongue surface, reduced salivary output weakens this protective effect, making the tongue prone to dryness and fissuring. Symptoms may also include dry eyes and dry mouth. Patients may follow medical instructions to use medications such as meloxicam tablets, prednisone acetate tablets, or azathioprine tablets for treatment.

In daily life, it is important to improve lifestyle habits, regulate endocrine function, ensure adequate vitamin intake, and maintain good oral hygiene to support both oral and overall health.