What does it mean if there are lumps at the base of the tongue?

Under normal circumstances, bumps appearing at the base of the tongue may be caused by food residue, lymphoid hyperplasia at the base of the tongue, lingual papillitis, tonsillar hypertrophy, or oral lichen planus. It is recommended to seek medical attention promptly, identify the underlying cause, and receive appropriate treatment under the guidance of a healthcare professional. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Food Residue

After meals, food particles may remain in the folds at the base of the tongue, potentially creating a sensation similar to bumps. Maintaining good oral hygiene—such as brushing teeth daily, using dental floss to clean between teeth, and regularly using antiseptic mouthwash—can help prevent this issue.

2. Lymphoid Hyperplasia at the Base of the Tongue

During growth and development, children and adolescents may experience temporary lymphoid hyperplasia at the base of the tongue, resulting in bump-like protrusions. This condition is usually a normal physiological response and often resolves spontaneously with age.

3. Lingual Papillitis

Lingual papillitis is commonly caused by vitamin deficiency or infection. When the small projections on the tongue's surface become inflamed, small bumps may appear at the base of the tongue, often accompanied by symptoms such as oral ulcers and altered taste sensation. Treatment may include medications such as metronidazole tablets, amoxicillin capsules, or cefixime dispersible tablets, as prescribed by a physician.

4. Tonsillar Hypertrophy

Tonsillar hypertrophy is typically caused by bacterial or viral infections. When such infections occur, they may affect the base of the tongue, leading to the appearance of bumps. Common accompanying symptoms include sore throat, fever, and difficulty swallowing. Treatment may involve antibiotics such as amoxicillin capsules, cefdinir capsules, or azithromycin capsules, as directed by a doctor.

5. Oral Lichen Planus

Oral lichen planus is generally caused by damage to the oral mucosa. Localized mucosal injury may lead to the development of lichen planus, resulting in bumps at the base of the tongue. Symptoms may include dry mouth, a burning sensation, and easy bleeding. Treatment may include medications such as ibuprofen sustained-release capsules, prednisone acetate tablets, or amoxicillin capsules, as prescribed by a healthcare provider.

Maintain good oral hygiene in daily life and avoid consuming irritating or spicy foods to prevent triggering oral inflammation.