What are the methods for treating insomnia in the elderly?

Generally, insomnia in the elderly is commonly caused by factors such as excessive daytime sleep, insufficient melatonin secretion, poor sleep environment, hypertension, and cerebral arteriosclerosis. It can be managed through general interventions, medication, and other treatments. If discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. Specific analysis is as follows:

1. Excessive daytime sleep

Due to reduced physical activity and a slower daily routine, older adults may nap excessively during the day. Prolonged daytime sleep reduces the need for nighttime sleep, making it difficult to fall asleep at night or causing early awakening. This can be improved by adjusting daily habits, such as shortening daytime naps and maintaining a regular sleep schedule.

2. Insufficient melatonin secretion

Melatonin is a hormone secreted by the pineal gland and plays a key role in regulating the sleep-wake cycle. With aging, pineal gland function gradually declines, leading to reduced melatonin production, which disrupts sleep rhythms and contributes to insomnia in the elderly. Consuming foods rich in melatonin, such as bananas, grapes, and walnuts, may help support melatonin secretion.

3. Poor sleep environment

Noise, bright light, and an uncomfortable bed can make it difficult for older adults to fall asleep or stay asleep. Daily measures such as using blackout curtains, regularly changing bed sheets and bedding, and ensuring a comfortable sleeping environment can help improve sleep quality.

4. Hypertension

A high-salt diet may lead to hypertension, which can impair nervous system function and disrupt sleep regulation. Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, and palpitations. Under medical guidance, medications such as nifedipine controlled-release tablets, valsartan capsules, and compound reserpine hydrochlorothiazide tablets may be used for treatment.

5. Cerebral arteriosclerosis

Excessive intake of animal fats in the diet may trigger cerebral arteriosclerosis, which impairs blood supply to the brain, leading to cerebral ischemia and hypoxia. This can cause insomnia in the elderly, often accompanied by symptoms such as headache and dizziness. Patients should follow medical advice and take medications such as amlodipine and atorvastatin calcium tablets, rosuvastatin calcium tablets, or probucol tablets as prescribed.

Daily lifestyle adjustments are important, including maintaining a consistent sleep schedule, engaging in moderate exercise, keeping a calm mindset, and creating a favorable sleep environment.