What causes intermittent pain in otitis externa?

　　In general, external otitis refers to inflammation of the outer ear. Intermittent pain in the outer ear may be caused by environmental changes, fatigue or stress, earwax blockage, physical irritation, or middle ear infection (otitis media). If discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. Specific causes are analyzed as follows:

　　1. Environmental Changes

　　Changes in temperature or air pressure may cause an imbalance between the pressure inside and outside the ear, leading to intermittent pain. In daily life, swallowing, yawning, or chewing can help open the Eustachian tube and balance the air pressure on both sides of the eardrum.

　　2. Fatigue or Stress

　　Prolonged mental tension or physical fatigue may also trigger frequent episodes of ear pain. Ensure adequate rest and practice appropriate relaxation techniques such as deep breathing, yoga, or meditation.

　　3. Earwax Blockage

　　Excessive earwax buildup in the external ear canal can press against the canal wall, causing recurring sharp pain. Avoid using cotton swabs or similar tools to clean the ear canal, as they may push the earwax deeper into the ear.

　　4. Physical Irritation

　　Using ill-fitting headphones or ear-cleaning tools like ear picks may physically irritate the external ear canal, damaging the tissue and causing intermittent pain, possibly accompanied by redness and swelling. When discomfort occurs, apply a cold compress to the affected area by wrapping ice in a towel.

　　5. Middle Ear Infection (Otitis Media)

　　Middle ear infections are associated with bacterial or viral infections. Pressure on the eardrum stimulates nerve endings, resulting in episodic pain, which may be accompanied by symptoms such as hearing loss and tinnitus. Medications such as amoxicillin capsules, ibuprofen sustained-release capsules, or cefuroxime axetil tablets may be used under a doctor’s guidance for treatment.

　　In daily life, maintain good personal hygiene, keep the skin of the external ear canal clean and dry, and avoid using sharp objects to clean the ear canal.