What are the factors that affect glomerular filtration?

Generally, factors affecting glomerular filtration mainly include aging, body surface area, chronic glomerulonephritis, hypertensive nephropathy, and diabetic nephropathy. If discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. Specific analysis is as follows:

1. Aging

With increasing age, kidney function naturally declines gradually, leading to a progressive decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). This is a normal physiological phenomenon and does not require special treatment.

2. Body Surface Area

If the glomerular surface area is relatively large, the glomerular filtration rate may also be correspondingly higher. Conversely, if the glomerular surface area is smaller, the filtration rate may be relatively lower.

3. Chronic Glomerulonephritis

Chronic glomerulonephritis is usually caused by inflammatory reactions triggered by immune complex deposition within the glomeruli, resulting in damage to glomerular capillaries and reduced filtration surface area, thereby affecting the glomerular filtration rate. Symptoms may include hematuria, proteinuria, and hypertension. Treatment may include medications such as compound cyclophosphamide tablets, irbesartan tablets, or enalapril maleate tablets, as prescribed by a physician.

4. Hypertensive Nephropathy

Prolonged elevation of blood pressure can lead to hypertensive nephropathy, causing the blood vessels within the glomeruli to endure high pressure. This may result in thickening and hardening of vessel walls, ultimately reducing the glomerular filtration rate. Common symptoms include persistent hypertension, proteinuria, and increased nocturnal urination. Patients may take medications such as amlodipine besylate tablets, losartan potassium tablets, or metoprolol tartrate tablets under medical guidance.

5. Diabetic Nephropathy

Long-term consumption of high-sugar foods may easily lead to diabetes. The persistent hyperglycemic state in patients can damage the glomerular basement membrane, causing structural changes and increased permeability, thereby impairing glomerular filtration function, which manifests as a decreased glomerular filtration rate. Symptoms may include increased urinary protein, hypertension, and edema. Medications such as metformin tablets, glipizide tablets, or insulin aspart injection may be used under a doctor's supervision.

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