How is macular disease of the fundus treated?

Mar 07, 2021 Source: Cainiu Health

Dr. Cui Xin

Introduction

1. Pharmacological treatment: The primary medications used are anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents; it is recommended to combine these with nutritional supplements and anti-inflammatory drugs. 2. Laser therapy: Utilizes thermal energy generated by a laser to directly target macular lesions on the retina. 3. Surgical treatment: Common surgical approaches include three types—retinal transplantation, macular translocation, and subretinal resection.

Macular degeneration is a relatively common ophthalmic condition, with numerous contributing factors—including aging, chronic diseases, and unhealthy lifestyle habits. In the early stages, patients typically experience blurred vision and visual fatigue, which may temporarily improve after rest. In severe cases, reduced cerebral blood flow can occur, leading to transient visual darkening (scotoma). Without appropriate treatment, permanent blindness may result. So, how is macular degeneration treated? Below, we provide answers to this question.

How Is Macular Degeneration Treated?

1. Pharmacological Therapy

The primary pharmacological treatment for macular degeneration involves anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents, which demonstrate excellent efficacy in controlling disease progression. For optimal outcomes, these agents are often combined with nutritional supplements and anti-inflammatory medications. In early-stage patients—where retinal damage remains mild—traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) may be considered. TCM therapies generally have fewer side effects and commonly employ herbal formulas designed to clear heat, cool the blood, invigorate circulation, and resolve stasis.

2. Laser Therapy

Laser therapy is an advanced treatment modality that uses laser-generated thermal energy directly targeting the macular lesion on the retina. This method offers high efficacy while minimizing collateral damage to surrounding retinal tissue, thereby preserving retinal function to the greatest extent possible. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is another effective option for treating macular degeneration. PDT involves intravenous administration of a specific photosensitizing agent followed by targeted laser irradiation to activate the agent, thereby selectively destroying abnormal blood vessels and halting disease progression.

3. Surgical Intervention

Surgery represents a definitive treatment approach for macular degeneration. Three commonly performed procedures include retinal transplantation, macular translocation surgery, and subretinal membrane excision. Surgical intervention can be effective across all stages of macular degeneration; however, due to its technical complexity, it must be performed by highly experienced ophthalmic surgeons.

The above outlines current treatment options for macular degeneration. We hope this information proves helpful to you.

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Can macular disease of the fundus be treated with cataract surgery?

If macular disease is present in the fundus, cataract surgery can usually still be performed. However, visual acuity may not improve—or may improve only marginally—after surgery. Thorough preoperative communication with the patient is essential to prevent unnecessary disputes postoperatively. Fundus examination must be conducted prior to cataract surgery to accurately assess the condition of the retina. Without cataract surgery, the fundus cannot be adequately visualized.