What causes vulvar cancer?

Vulvar cancer is a malignant tumor of the vulva. Common causes include smoking, genetic factors, exposure to chemical substances, chronic inflammatory stimulation, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. If any abnormalities occur, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. Specific factors are analyzed as follows:

1. Smoking: Chemicals in tobacco may damage vulvar tissues and increase the risk of cancer.

2. Genetics: Certain hereditary cancer syndromes, such as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), may increase a woman's risk of developing vulvar cancer.

3. Exposure to chemical substances: Long-term contact with industrial chemicals such as dyes, detergents, and plastics may cause tissue lesions and potentially increase the risk of vulvar cancer.

4. Chronic inflammatory stimulation: Prolonged chronic inflammation in the vulvar area—especially when women neglect vulvar hygiene, overuse cleansing products, or sanitary pads—may disrupt the natural pH balance of the vulva, creating favorable conditions for cancer cell growth.

5. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection: Persistent infection with high-risk types of HPV, particularly types 16 and 18, can lead to cellular changes that may eventually result in vulvar cancer.

To reduce the risk of infection, individuals should maintain good personal hygiene, avoid contact with potentially contaminated bodily fluids or blood, adopt healthy lifestyle habits, and promote overall health.