What are the efficacy and effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate?

Medroxyprogesterone acetate is a commonly used gynecological medication whose main active ingredient is progesterone. It is typically available in tablet form, such as medroxyprogesterone acetate tablets. Its primary effects and uses include regulating menstrual cycles, contraception, alleviating menopausal symptoms, treating functional uterine bleeding, and supporting assisted reproductive technologies such as artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization (IVF). It is recommended to strictly follow medical instructions when using this medication. Specific details are as follows:

1. Menstrual Regulation

Medroxyprogesterone acetate regulates hormonal levels in the body, helping restore normal menstrual cycles. By transforming the endometrium from the proliferative phase to the secretory phase, it prepares the uterus for menstruation and thus helps regulate women's menstrual cycles.

2. Contraception

Medroxyprogesterone acetate has contraceptive effects. By mimicking the actions of natural progesterone, it suppresses ovulation, alters the consistency of cervical mucus, and prevents sperm penetration, thereby achieving contraception.

3. Relief of Menopausal Symptoms

Menopausal women taking medroxyprogesterone acetate can experience relief from symptoms such as hot flashes and excessive sweating, thereby improving their quality of life.

4. Treatment of Functional Uterine Bleeding

Medroxyprogesterone acetate effectively controls uterine bleeding and improves patient symptoms. By inhibiting excessive endometrial proliferation, it reduces both the amount and duration of uterine bleeding, achieving hemostasis.

5. Support for Artificial Insemination and IVF

In assisted reproductive technologies, medroxyprogesterone acetate is used to support the luteal phase, ensuring the endometrium remains in optimal condition and increasing the success rate of embryo transfer. It also promotes endometrial development, providing a favorable environment for embryo implantation.

Special populations, including patients with hepatic or renal insufficiency and those with thrombotic disorders, should use this medication with caution or avoid it altogether. Possible adverse reactions during treatment may include palpitations, dizziness, and headaches; if these occur, prompt medical consultation is advised.