How to remove dark spots on the face

Generally, black spots on the face may be caused by prolonged sun exposure, improper use of cosmetics, endocrine disorders, seborrheic keratosis, or melanosis. Treatments such as photorejuvenation, laser therapy, liquid nitrogen cryotherapy, or medication can be used under a doctor's guidance to remove these spots. It is recommended to visit a reputable hospital and undergo procedures under medical supervision to ensure effectiveness and safety. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Prolonged Sun Exposure

Prolonged sun exposure may promote melanin production, leading to dark spots on the face. When going outdoors, it is advisable to take protective measures such as applying sunscreen and wearing hats and sunglasses. Photorejuvenation treatment may also be performed under a doctor’s guidance. This method uses broad-spectrum colored light to break down melanin, which is then eliminated through metabolism, thereby lightening pigmentation and improving skin texture and tone. The typical reference cost for photorejuvenation is 2,000–9,000 yuan per session. Improvement is usually seen within 14–21 days, although side effects such as redness and pain may occur.

2. Improper Use of Cosmetics

Using low-quality cosmetics or failing to thoroughly remove makeup may cause harmful substances in cosmetics to remain in the skin, binding with proteins and forming non-metabolizable melanin spots. It is important to choose reliable, reputable cosmetic brands and ensure complete makeup removal. Laser therapy, guided by a physician, can also be considered. This treatment uses laser energy to break up melanin particles, effectively removing dark spots and improving skin quality. The typical reference cost for laser therapy ranges from 1,000 to 10,000 yuan per session. Noticeable improvement generally appears within 7–10 days, though adverse reactions such as redness, swelling, or burns may occur.

3. Endocrine Disorders

High stress levels, chronic late-night habits, and insufficient sleep may lead to endocrine imbalances, disrupting skin metabolism and resulting in facial dark spots. Symptoms often include fatigue and mood swings. Under medical guidance, medications such as Xiaoyao Pills, Wuji Bai Feng Pills, or Kuntai Capsules may be used. Liquid nitrogen cryotherapy may also be recommended by a physician, using low temperatures to freeze and destroy the epidermis, causing it to peel off and remove the dark spots. The typical reference cost for liquid nitrogen cryotherapy is 2,000–4,000 yuan per session, with visible improvement usually within 7–10 days. Possible side effects include frostbite, redness, and irritation.

4. Seborrheic Keratosis

Seborrheic keratosis is primarily associated with skin aging and genetic factors and may appear as black spots on the facial skin. It is often accompanied by plaque-like lesions and itching. Under medical supervision, treatments may include topical medications such as tazarotene gel, tretinoin cream, or adapalene gel.

5. Melanosis

Long-term exposure to photosensitizing substances such as coal tar or asphalt may trigger melanosis. Increased melanocyte activity and melanin production may manifest as dark spots on the facial skin. Symptoms may include itching and dryness. Treatment under medical advice may involve vitamin C tablets, vitamin E cream, or hydroquinone cream.

Maintaining healthy lifestyle habits, practicing proper sun protection, ensuring adequate sleep, and avoiding excessive skin irritation are essential for promoting skin recovery.