What are the causes of bleeding in early pregnancy?

In general, bleeding during early pregnancy may be caused by hormonal changes, embryo implantation, genital tract infections, placenta previa, ectopic pregnancy, or other reasons. If any of the above conditions occur, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Hormonal Changes

During early pregnancy, hormone levels in a pregnant woman's body change significantly, especially increases in estrogen and progesterone. These hormonal fluctuations may lead to instability of the endometrium, thereby causing bleeding in early pregnancy. Adequate rest should be maintained, and staying up late should be avoided.

2. Embryo Implantation

When the fertilized egg implants into the uterine lining, it may cause slight irritation and minor damage, resulting in light bleeding. A balanced diet with sufficient nutrition should be maintained in daily life.

3. Genital Tract Infections

Infections such as vaginitis or cervicitis may lead to congestion, edema, or even erosion of the vaginal or cervical mucosa, thus causing the aforementioned symptoms. Symptoms may include fever and abdominal pain. Treatment under medical guidance may involve medications such as metronidazole suppositories, clotrimazole suppositories, or cefradine capsules.

4. Placenta Previa

Risk factors for placenta previa include prior cesarean section, endometritis, or an abnormally large placental area. In placenta previa, the placenta is positioned low in the uterus and is prone to bleeding due to uterine contractions or external stimuli, leading to bleeding in early pregnancy. Symptoms may include anemia and increased blood loss. Patients should follow medical advice and may be treated with medications such as ferrous sulfate tablets, tranexamic acid injection, or ritodrine hydrochloride injection.

5. Ectopic Pregnancy

Ectopic pregnancy may be associated with poor fallopian tube development, previous induced abortions, or genital tract infections. As the embryo develops, these abnormal sites may not support its growth, potentially leading to rupture and bleeding in early pregnancy. Symptoms may include vomiting and fainting. Treatment under medical supervision typically involves laparoscopic surgery—making small incisions in the abdomen to locate and remove embryonic tissue implanted outside the uterine cavity, thereby treating the ectopic pregnancy.

To ensure a healthy pregnancy, women should maintain good lifestyle habits, focus on balanced nutrition, avoid excessive fatigue, and regularly monitor bodily changes to promptly identify and address any abnormalities.