How should anemia be managed in a 70-year-old elderly person?

In general, anemia in 70-year-old individuals may be caused by factors such as decreased hematopoietic function, malabsorption, iron deficiency anemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and autoimmune hemolytic anemia. Treatment methods including general supportive measures and medication can be adopted under the guidance of a physician. Specific analyses are as follows:

1. Decreased Hematopoietic Function

With aging, the number and function of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow decline, potentially leading to reduced red blood cell production and resulting in anemia. It is advisable to avoid excessive fatigue and ensure adequate rest in daily life.

2. Malabsorption

Elderly individuals may suffer from gastrointestinal disorders such as gastritis or gastric ulcers, which can impair nutrient absorption—particularly of iron and vitamin B12, essential components for blood formation—leading to anemia. Adjusting the diet to include easily digestible and absorbable foods is recommended.

3. Iron Deficiency Anemia

Iron deficiency anemia is a condition caused by insufficient iron stores in the body, impairing hemoglobin synthesis and reducing the oxygen-carrying capacity of red blood cells. Prolonged iron deficiency affects hemoglobin formation, potentially decreasing red blood cell production and causing anemia. Symptoms may also include angular cheilitis, glossitis, and dysphagia. Patients should follow medical advice and use medications such as ferrous succinate tablets, iron dextran oral solution, and Yiqi Weixue capsules for treatment.

4. Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

The causes of myelodysplastic syndromes are complex and varied, possibly involving gene mutations, retroviral infections, and environmental factors. Abnormal proliferation of cells in the bone marrow can lead to impaired red blood cell production, resulting in anemia. Additional symptoms may include bleeding, infections, and hepatosplenomegaly. Treatment under medical supervision may include medications such as cyclosporine soft capsules, thalidomide tablets, and lenalidomide capsules.

5. Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia is a disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the body's own red blood cells, causing premature rupture. It may be triggered by genetic mutations, immune dysfunction, infections, or certain medications. The immune system’s erroneous attack on red blood cells leads to excessive destruction, causing anemia, along with symptoms such as fever, jaundice, and splenomegaly. Patients should follow medical instructions and receive treatments such as ifosfamide for injection, prednisone acetate tablets, and dexamethasone sodium phosphate injection.

For elderly individuals with anemia, maintaining a balanced diet rich in iron, vitamins, and other nutrients is important. Regular moderate exercise and avoiding excessive fatigue are also recommended to support overall health.