What are the most obvious signs of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)?

Generally, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) may involve signs such as repetitive associations, obsessions, compulsive behaviors, anxiety, and a tendency toward perfectionism. A detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Repetitive associations: The associations in OCD are typically involuntary and recurrent, closely linked to the patient's obsessions. These repetitive thoughts can trap the individual in an endless cycle of thinking, making it difficult to break free.

2. Obsessions: Obsessions are usually irrational, distressing thoughts that patients recognize as unnecessary, yet they are unable to dismiss them. These obsessions can revolve around various themes, such as contamination, harm, symmetry, and others.

3. Compulsive behaviors: Compulsions are ritualistic actions that individuals with OCD perform to reduce the anxiety caused by their obsessions. These behaviors are typically repetitive and rigid, often needing to be carried out in a specific order or according to strict rules.

4. Anxiety: Due to the presence of obsessions and compulsions, patients may experience unease, tension, and fear. This anxiety may stem from worry about the obsessions themselves or from the fear of losing control over compulsive behaviors. Such anxiety not only interferes with daily life and work performance but may also worsen the patient’s OCD symptoms.

5. Perfectionism: A tendency toward perfectionism manifests as excessively high demands on oneself and one's environment, with a desire for everything to be flawless. This trait may lead patients to be overly self-critical when completing tasks, increasing feelings of frustration and anxiety. At the same time, perfectionism can exacerbate both OCD symptoms and anxiety levels.

The symptoms of OCD can cause significant distress and functional impairment, potentially affecting social relationships and job performance. If clear symptoms are present, patients are advised to seek medical help at a hospital promptly and follow professional treatment guidance.