What are the meglitinide antidiabetic drugs?

Generally, glinides are non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues primarily used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. They include three types: repaglinide, nateglinide, and mitiglinide. Detailed analysis is as follows:

1. Repaglinide

Repaglinide rapidly stimulates insulin release from pancreatic β-cells by binding to specific receptors on the β-cell membrane, causing membrane depolarization and opening calcium channels. This allows extracellular calcium ions to enter the cell, promoting insulin secretion. This medication can be taken before meals to reduce the harmful effects of postprandial hyperglycemia on the body.

2. Nateglinide

The mechanism of action of nateglinide is similar to that of repaglinide; it also lowers blood glucose by stimulating insulin release from pancreatic β-cells. However, it binds to and dissociates from the receptor more quickly, thereby stimulating insulin secretion more rapidly. It is particularly effective for patients with marked postprandial hyperglycemia and elevated glycosylated hemoglobin levels.

3. Mitiglinide

Mitiglinide also promotes insulin secretion by binding to receptors on pancreatic β-cells. After oral administration, it reaches peak plasma concentration quickly, allowing rapid stimulation of insulin secretion. Additionally, its duration of action is short, enabling precise control of postprandial blood glucose levels.

All three medications are suitable for patients with type 2 diabetes and can help lower blood glucose levels. It is recommended to use them under the guidance of a physician to avoid potential adverse effects on the body.