What is a diaphragmatic hernia?

Generally, a diaphragmatic hernia refers to a condition in which organs within the abdominal cavity enter the thoracic cavity through weak openings, defects, or traumatic tears in the diaphragm. A detailed analysis is as follows:

Diaphragmatic hernias can be classified into esophageal hiatal hernias, congenital diaphragmatic hernias, and traumatic diaphragmatic hernias. Their causes can be divided into congenital and acquired factors. Congenital factors mainly involve partial absence of the diaphragm from birth, where several components forming the diaphragm fail to fuse completely during embryonic development. Acquired factors typically involve rupture or necrosis of the diaphragm caused by trauma, or damage to the diaphragm resulting from subphrenic abscesses, empyema, and other pathological conditions.

Clinical manifestations of diaphragmatic hernia vary among individuals, but common symptoms include dyspnea, chest pain, indigestion, coughing, and gastroesophageal reflux. Diagnosis of diaphragmatic hernia typically relies on clinical presentation, physical examination, and imaging studies. Commonly used imaging techniques include X-ray and CT scans. Treatment generally includes observation and monitoring, medication, dietary adjustments, conservative management, and surgery; however, specific treatment plans must be formulated according to the patient's condition and physician recommendations.

In daily life, patients should avoid consuming irritating foods, such as spicy, greasy, excessively cold, or hot foods. A low-fat, high-fiber diet is recommended, along with eating slowly and chewing food thoroughly, and consuming smaller meals more frequently.