What are the four major postoperative complications after craniotomy?

Generally speaking, there is no established concept of "four major sequelae of craniotomy," but possible complications following craniotomy may include limb movement disorders, decreased balance, vision impairment, cognitive dysfunction, and systemic sequelae. If any discomfort occurs, it is recommended to seek medical attention promptly. Detailed explanations are as follows:

1. Limb movement disorders: During craniotomy, if the lesion is adjacent to critical motor and sensory areas of the brain, such as the precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus, damage to these regions during surgery may result in hemiplegia or sensory impairment on the opposite side of the body, manifesting as limb weakness, difficulty performing fine motor tasks, and reduced sensation.

2. Decreased balance: Surgery may damage neural structures related to the cerebellum or vestibular system, affecting the patient's balance. Symptoms such as unsteady gait and increased risk of falling may occur. The patient's balance can gradually improve through rehabilitation training and balance exercises.

3. Vision impairment: Vision loss may occur if the optic nerve or visual conduction pathways are damaged during surgery. Symptoms may include blurred vision, visual field defects, and double vision.

4. Cognitive dysfunction: Craniotomy may cause brain tissue damage or ischemia-hypoxia, thereby affecting the patient's cognitive function. Symptoms may include memory loss, inattention, and slowed thinking.

5. Systemic sequelae: Craniotomy is an invasive procedure that may lead to systemic reactions or complications. Symptoms may include impaired consciousness, headache, nausea, vomiting, and fever. Additionally, complications such as infection, hemorrhage, and cerebrospinal fluid leakage may occur after surgery.

After surgery, patients should closely monitor their physical condition and promptly report any discomfort or abnormal symptoms to their physician. A light diet is recommended, with increased intake of vitamin-rich vegetables and fruits such as tomatoes, carrots, grapefruits, and apples, which can enhance immune function and promote overall health.