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The efficacy and function of morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets

Nov 26, 2024 Source: Cainiu Health
Dr. Yang Ziqi
Introduction
Morphine sulfate extended-release tablets are pure opioid receptor agonists. By acting on opioid receptors in the central nervous system, particularly the μ-opioid receptors, they can inhibit the neuronal impulses in the brain that respond to harmful stimuli, thereby effectively relieving moderate to severe pain. These tablets are a representative medication for treating severe cancer-related pain and provide significant analgesic effects for patients with advanced cancer.

Generally, morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets have potent analgesic, sedative, antitussive effects, respiratory depression, and smooth muscle stimulation. The specific effects are as follows:

1. Potent Analgesia: Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets are pure opioid receptor agonists. By acting on the opioid receptors in the central nervous system, especially the μ-opioid receptors, they can inhibit the impulses generated by neurons in the brain in response to harmful stimuli, thereby effectively relieving moderate to severe pain. They are representative drugs for treating severe cancer pain and provide significant analgesic effects for patients with advanced cancer.

2. Sedative Effect: Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets can reduce the excitability of the cerebral cortex, causing disturbances in consciousness and thus producing a sedative effect. This can help alleviate patients' anxiety and tension and improve sleep quality.

3. Antitussive Effect: Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets can reduce coughing by constricting mucosal blood vessels in the respiratory tract and decreasing vagal nerve tension. Although its antitussive effect is not commonly used clinically due to its potential for addiction, it may have certain therapeutic value for intractable cough in cancer patients.

4. Respiratory Depression: Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets have an inhibitory effect on the respiratory center, reducing the respiratory center's sensitivity to carbon dioxide tension. This effect may lead to respiratory failure when overdosed; therefore, dosage must be strictly controlled, and the patient's respiratory status must be closely monitored during use.

5. Smooth Muscle Stimulation: Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets can stimulate smooth muscles, increasing intestinal smooth muscle tension and causing constipation. They can also increase the tension of smooth muscles in the biliary tract, ureters, and bronchi. These effects may lead to some adverse reactions such as constipation and biliary spasm, but they are also part of their pharmacological actions.

Morphine sulfate sustained-release tablets must be used strictly according to medical instructions to avoid abuse and misuse. Additionally, due to their potential for addiction and risk of respiratory depression, patients should be closely monitored for changes in clinical condition during treatment, and therapeutic regimens should be adjusted promptly as needed.

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